Effects Of Marijuana Use On The Adolescent Brain And Its...

Introduction Canadian adolescents have among the highest rates of cannabis use compared to their peers in other developed countries. According to Statistics Canada in 2015, 22.4% of youth aged 15-19 reported past-year use of cannabis; among young adults aged 20-24, 26.2% reported past-year. This large amount of adolescents being exposed to marijuana raises concern due to the drugs negative effects on the developing brain. (Gruber et al, 2014). Among the negative effects are risk of greater substance use, legal problems, disruption education, injuries/medical problems, developing psychopathology, cognitive changes and chronic psychosocial struggles. (George et al., 2015). It is not fully known what the impact of marijuana use is on the adolescent brain and its development but there are many studies that have emerged to help better understand the effects. These studies include looking at the negative impact on cognitive function, self-destructive development and the consumption damages related to marijuana use in adolescents that will be covered. Literature Review Adolescence poses a greater risk for the negative impacts that marijuana may have on cognitive function. (George et al., 2015). During adolescent the brain is still under construction at least until the early or mid 20’s. (George et al., 2015). The brain is thought to be particularly sensitive to damage from drug exposure. (Gruber et al., 2014). And the frontal cortex – the region critical to planning, judgement,Show MoreRelatedDrug Use On Young College Students1079 Words   |  5 PagesDrug Use in Adolescence Introduction In 2013, more high school seniors regularly used marijuana than cigarettes as 22.7 percent smoked pot in the last month, compared to 16.3 percent who smoked cigarettes. Sixty percent of seniors don t see regular marijuana use as harmful, but THC (the active ingredient in the drug that causes addiction) is nearly five times stronger than it was 20 years ago. One-third of teenagers who live in States with medical marijuana laws get their pot from other peopleRead MoreDrug Use Among Medical Marijuana Laws Get Their Pot From Other People s Prescriptions1039 Words   |  5 PagesIn 2013, more high school seniors regularly used marijuana than cigarettes as 22.7 percent smoked pot in the last month, compared to 16.3 percent who smoked cigarettes. Sixty percent of seniors don t see regular marijuana use as harmful, but THC (the active ingredient in the drug that causes addiction) is nearly five times stronger than it was 20 years ago. One-third of teenagers who live in States with medica l marijuana laws get their pot from other people s prescriptions. The United States representsRead MoreLegalization Of Marijuana And The United States For Recreational Use1287 Words   |  6 Pagesstatistics of drug use amongst children and youth and the health effects on regular users of marijuana, this paper will argue that marijuana should remain illegal in the United States for recreational use. Arguments for the legalization of marijuana and arguments against the legalization of the drug will be discussed throughout the paper. It will address the biological effects of the drug on the human body, the current laws in place and the effects it has on children, adolescents and adults. TheRead MoreMarijuana Is A Safe And Non Addictive Drug1094 Words   |  5 Pagesis Marijuana, which is made from a Cannabis plant (Merrill 308). Many people have come to the conclusion that Marijuana is a safe and non-addictive drug because of the legalization of Marijuana in the United States. Unbeknown to the public, the carcinogenic compounds are actually greater in Marijuana than in cigarettes (Cohen, qtd. in Margolis 9). Subsequently, studies show that Marijuana ultimately impacts every primary system in the body (Margolis 12). Furthermore, over the years Marijuana hasRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1197 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana is one of the most highly addictive substances utilized worldwide in today’s society. According to David Evans, â€Å"clinical dependence has been found to afflict roughly 10% of all marijuana users. Most are in their late teens and twenties. The risk of dependence is higher among those who try marijuana at a young age. In 2009, indiv iduals between the ages of 12 and 25 comprised 65.3% of all substance abuse treatment admissions for marijuana; daily use was reported by 49.6% of this group. MoreRead MoreEssay on Marajuana: Effects And After Affects503 Words   |  3 Pages One of the most common illegal drug in the United States is marijuana. There are mixed views about this drug, some people want it legalized, other people dont. In this essay, I hope to display the facts about this illegal narcotic, and explain many vie nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Marijuana has many different names such as quot;kifquot; in Morocco, quot;doggoquot; in South Africa and quot;gangiquot; in India. There are many slang terms for this type of drug such as quot;grass,quot; quot;potRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1377 Words   |  6 PagesThe Fight to Get High For years, the fight over legalizing marijuana has always been on every state’s agenda. However, marijuana continues to stir a lot of debate as to whether or not there are benefits from its use. Some refer to marijuana as a hard drug such as cocaine or heroin, especially since it is still classified as a Schedule I substance under federal law. Nevertheless, many Americans point out the medicinal benefits of the herb from several decades of research and studies. Meanwhile, withRead MoreMedical Marijuana has been an issue that has been occurring and is present on a domestic level. In1000 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Marijuana has been an issue that has been occurring and is present on a domestic level. In many ways it is a phenomena that has essentially been integrated across multiple platforms. This includes the application that is present and associated with full legalization. Although states have implemented many regulatory measures, the macro level effect that this has upo n the youth has not been fully investigated. Marijuana does however have negative effects upon cognitive development for youngRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Its Effect On Education1348 Words   |  6 PagesSubstance Abuse and its Effect on Education Drug abuse is a serious public health problem that affects almost every community and family in some way. Each year drug abuse causes millions of serious illnesses or injuries among Americans. A study done in John Hopkins University School of Medicine, found that individuals who are unemployed have higher rates of substance abuse than those who are regularly employed. Five hundred and fifty nine participants, who were unemployed, at least eighteen yearsRead MoreThe Negatives Effects of Marijuana on Teenager880 Words   |  4 PagesThe Negatives Effects of Marijuana on Teenager What is Marijuana? The marijuana affects the brain development on teenager. Also affect the function at school, work, and social life of the teenagers. The marijuana increases the risk of mental health issues. The sadistic show that the used of marijuana increase every years. Marijuana affects the teenager and also their families. According to National Institute of Drug Abuse, Marijuana is a greenish-gray mixture of the dried, shredded leaves, stems

A Multidisciplinary Approach On Nutrition And Behavior

This book provides readers with information through the use of a multidisciplinary approach on how the areas of nutrition and psychology connect. The book is comprised of 15 chapters where chapter contents include: concepts and models in nutrition and behavior; effects of chronic and acute forms of under nutrition; dietary supplements, mental performance and behavior; alcohol, brain functioning and behavior; and behavioral aspects of overweight and obesity. The book concludes with an appendix and an index section respectively. Author’s Background and Credentials: John Worobey is at Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA. Beverley J. Tepper is at Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA. Robin B. Kanarek is at Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA. Scholarly Evaluation: As with any other field, in nutrition and behavior, the concept of validity is largely established through scientific research methods. Among the research strategies employed are experimental and correlational approaches. Correlational studies examine the relationship between variables and are unable to determine causality. For instance, within, the study of nutrition and behavior, a correlational strategy could be used to establish relationships between variables such as sugar intake and activity level. Upon establishing a correlation between 2 variables, a formal hypothesis about the relationship may be developed and can be tested with an experimental design. Experimental approaches therefore â€Å"have theShow MoreRelatedTopic 3 Discussion Question 2 Essay example682 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Topic 3 Discussion Question 2 Traditionally, nutrition programs were targeted to the indigent and poor populations in developing countries. Many of todays Americans are malnourished also, but they are inundated with unhealthy foods and require a multidisciplinary approach to nutrition education. What would be the three most important points to include in a public nutrition program? Provide current literature to support your answer and include two nutritional education community resources. MalnourishmentRead MoreTreatment Plan For Health Condition And Treatment1167 Words   |  5 Pagesadherence. The psychosocial assessment will help the multidisciplinary team understand the patient’s behavior. The clinical assessment should include any problems from the patient related to adjusting to his health condition and treatment, problems related to employment, problems related to financial resources, problems related to living situation, and problems related to physical activities of daily living. A meeting with the multidisciplinary team should be planned to collaborate with the primaryRead MoreThe Challenges of Global Citizens1252 Words   |  5 Pageswriting, and mathematics that sometimes places Social Studies education in a secondary or tertiary role. This is unfortunate because social studies is a holistic field that can easily be adapted to other core curriculum areas and used in a multidisciplinary approach to help students understand their world. In fact, if we look at National Council of Social Studies Standards we can see that in the early grades, children can become aware of self within the social setting; individuals in school, familyRead MoreObesity : A Common And Costly Health Issue Essay760 Words   |  4 Pagesconfirmed that obesity is correlated with health issues, for this reason the need to maintain a good nutrition is imperative to preserve a healthy status, and prevent the risk for chronic diseases. â€Å"The Nutrition and Weight Status objectives for Healthy People 2020† (2015), reinforced the benefits to follow a healthy diet to maintain a healthy body weight, is required that people change their behaviors; likewise, community involvement is necessary to address environmental influences; the goal to encourageRead MoreEssay On Mealtimes983 Words   |  4 Pagesthese, tube feeding may be utilized to ensure that the patient is receiving nutrition adequately (ASHA, n.d.). There are two types of feeding tubes that ar e commonly placed in pediatric patients, these include nasogastric (NG) and gastrostomy (G-tube) tubes. A NG tube is a plastic tube inserted through the nose, past the throat, and down into the stomach, whereas a G-tube is inserted through the abdomen and delivers nutrition directly to the stomach (Moore Greene, 1985). Feeding tube placement mayRead MoreDifference Of Initial Treatment Options For Anorexia Nervosa1786 Words   |  8 Pagesinterventions, and new treatments are being researched every day. Re-feeding is known to be the cornerstone, initial treatment. However, the specifics of treatment are not currently defined. Most therapeutic programs resort to a multidisciplinary treatment approach based off of clinical judgment and expertise. Treatment for anorexia nervosa is an ongoing challenge due to feeding complications and extremely high relapse rates. Future research is necessary to establish a gold standard initial treatmentRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa 1699 Words   |  7 Pagesfemales, but men can suffer from them as well. Except for binge eating, this in terms of statistics is seen equally in men and women. There are varied treatment options for these disorders, including specialized hospitals, medication, psychotherapy, nutrition education and support groups. Eating disorders do not only take a great toll on the sufferer, but also on friends and family who surround that individual. Anorexia nervosa stands apart from the other two eating disorders aforementioned in the senseRead MoreDiabetic Patients Should Be Educated About Diagnosis Of The Disease ( Powers )1730 Words   |  7 Pagespatients type 2—all patients should be educated about diagnosis of the disease (Powers, et. al, 2015). All treatment plans for diabetic patients should include education for nutrition therapy and physical. Other important education topics should be covered with individuals with diabetes type two are psychological concerns, behavior change strategies (e.g., self-directed goal setting), taking medications, purchasing food, planning meals, identifying portion sizes, physical activity, and checking bloodRead MoreThe World Population Is Evolving Ageing And Cognitive Impairment ( Ci ) Is A Fast Growing Problem1722 Words   |  7 Pagesimbalance; insulin resistance; anxiety; depression; and lack of stimulation and social interaction are all implicated in the rate of long term CD. Key facts Cognitive impairment is a syndrome in which there is deterioration in memory, thinking, behavior and the ability to perform everyday activities. Although cognitive impairment mainly affects older people, it is not a normal result of ageing. Worldwide, 35.6 million people have dementia – a clinical cognitive impairment, and there are 7.7 millionRead MoreNursing Intervention For Obesity : Reducing The Problem Of Obesity954 Words   |  4 Pagesexercise, and behavior modification should be encouraged by nurses. Giving the client the power to identify the factors that contribute to excess food intake, can help the client to eliminate or reduce causes. Establishing realistic weight loss goals and exercise / activity objectives like losing bodyweight 1-2 lb./week increase the likelihood of success, assessing the client’s knowledge and discuss well-balanced diet plans plays major role teaching about diet plans. Discussing behavior modification

comparative proteomics Essay - 944 Words

Comparative Proteomics: Protein Profiler Lab by Jonathan Thulson Biology 113 October 6, 2013 Lab Partner: Vernon Morris INTRODUCTION Proteomics is the study of proteins. Their functions, interactions with other proteins, cellular locations and levels at which they are expressed. The purpose of this lab was to compare the proteins present in different species of fish to be able to determine which species of fish have the closest relation. This can be determined based on which two fish species have the most proteins in common with one another. The Central Dogma of biology is a process in which a gene made of DNA is transcribed by a messenger RNA and then translated into a protein. Based on the Central Dogma of†¦show more content†¦The proteins are also added to a Laemmli sample buffer in order to give each protein a negative charge so it is able to get pulled through the polyacrylamide gel. The next step is to put the gel into the electrophoresis module and to run it. It is run until the proteins have almost reached the bottom of the gel. A blue tracking dye is added to the Laemmli sa mple buffer in order to track the distance in which the proteins travel through the gel. If it is run for too long, the proteins will run off the bottom of the gel and it will mess up your results. Once the protein reach the bottom of the gel, the gel is stained in order to be able to see the individual bands of the different proteins. When the gel is stained, the protein distances will be able to be measured and compared. For a detailed procedure, refer to the Comparative Proteomics Kit I: Protein Profiler Module Lab Manual. RESULTS I did not get conclusive data from the gel I made. As you can see in figure 1, the bands that showed up on the gel were too cluttered to be able to measure them. So I could not compare protein bands between the fish species based on our gel. Instead, I used a default gel picture that another group did in the class to get my data. From their gel I was able to compare the different species. Table 1 shows the number of bands that were similar between the different fish species when they were compared. I was able to determine that fish species C (Tuna)Show MoreRelatedDirect Analytical Sample Quality Assessment (DASQ) for Biomarker Investigation591 Words   |  2 PagesThere are several important factors to increase the chances that a proteomic study based on CSF biomarkers becomes successful. For proteomics analysis, the standardisation of CSF collection protocols is a mandatory step to search and identify new biomarkers indicators of a disease status. This point represents a mil estone especially when samples are collected and stored in different centres. There is the need to select and include, in biomarker research studies, only well characterized and high qualityRead MoreProteomics Analysis On Prostate Cancer1195 Words   |  5 PagesComparative proteomics analysis of urine reveals down-regulation of Acute Phase Response Signaling and LXR/RXR activation pathways in prostate cancer Abstract: Detecting prostate cancer (PCa) using non-invasive diagnostic markers still remains a challenge. The aim of this study was the identification of urine proteins sufficiently sensitive and specific to detect PCa in the early stages. Comparative proteomics profiling of urine from patients with PCa, benign prostate hyperplasia, bladder cancerRead MoreIntegrative Genomic Analysis In Cancer Essay783 Words   |  4 Pagesthe joint analysis of genetic and proteomic data will provide more information for modeling disease susceptibility than single-view methods is presented in \cite{reif2004integrated}. Using average classification errors across 100 data sets, it was illustrated that having multiple types of data is more beneficial when the etiological model is complex and one or more variables may be missing. The authors of this paper integrated high-dimensional genetic and proteomic data in a cohort of subjects inRead MoreStreptococcus Pneumoniae ( S. Pneumoniae Essay938 Words   |  4 Pagesidentification of vaccine targets from the characterization of surface proteins, studies on the global proteome of S. pneumoniae that provide insights into the pathogenesis of IPD are limited [6]. It is to this effect, we undertook this global comparative proteomics study to identify characteristic patterns of pneumococcal protein synthesis in vitro that correlate with invasive disease by screening a collection of pneumococcal clinical isolates. To investigate the associated proteins using this approachRead MorePan1 And Genetic Domain Structures1257 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch model in which classical and molecular approaches, as well as both in vitro and in vivo models, are available for studying host-pathogen interactions and pathogenesis. In addition, genomic and proteomic approaches including microarray, whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA-Seq), and proteomics have all been employed to study pathogenesis of Cn [35-37]. This well-established model organism and available research resources will be invaluable for us to pursue our research goals. In Cn, Cin1Read MoreA Comparative Study Of Urine From Pca And BPH Patients1711 Words   |  7 PagesIn our previous comparative study of urine from PCa and BPH patients, we identified a set of putative candidates [17] as non-invasive biomarkers for PCa. This prompted us to perform a larger comparative study, including two additional urological cancers, namely invasive low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma and early stage clear cell renal carcinoma in order to test if the urine contains proteins sensitive to detect early stages of PCa and specific enough to separate the disease from BPH and otherRead MoreAdvancements in the Field of Genomics961 Words   |  4 Pageswithout a precise evolutionary context or hierarchy. One of the most well-known and supported endeavors in the advancing field of genomics is the human genome project whose creation has since revolutionized the related fields of proteomics and medicine with comparative genomic analyses of primate species offering considerable potential in defining the processes responsible for molding and transforming the human genome. In spite of these scientific advancements, however, very little information isRead MoreChlamydomonas Lab Report1426 Words   |  6 Pagesrecognized that cilia play critical roles in animal physiology and development. They need to identify the gene products necessary for ciliary assembly and function by running a proteomic analysis of human cilia. However, the proteomic analysis of human cilia is limited in its ability to detect low-abundance proteins. Comparative genomics was used to identify genes found only in the genomes of organisms with cilia and flagella and was successful. This study was then implemented to find the low-abundanceRead MoreEvaluation And Evaluation Of Protein2753 Words   |  12 Pages Overall proteomics has the large scale determination of quality and cell work particularly at the protein level. Mass spectrometry (MS) has progressively turned into the technique for decision for examination of complex protein tests. In an order to made conceivable by the accessibility of quality and genome grouping databases and specialized, MS-based proteomics applied advances in numerous ranges, most prominently in the disclosure and improvement of protein ionization techniques. For proteinRead MoreExtract Proteins From The Muscle Tissue Of Various Fish Species And Execute An Sds1878 Words   |  8 Pagessequencing and coding. Since proteins are influenced by DNA, their profiles, also known as proteomes, are indicative of evolutionary and genetic relatedness. These proteomes vary from cell to cell, as the function of each group of cells is different. Proteomics refers to the study of protein structure, function, and interaction within a certain environment in an organism. The purpose of this experiment is to perform a procedure known as SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis)

Cricket World Cup Free Essays

string(46) " the first World Cup held outside of England\." Abstract Cricket World Cup is the biggest international event of cricket. The first Cricket World Cup was played during 1975 in England (www. wikipedia. We will write a custom essay sample on Cricket World Cup or any similar topic only for you Order Now org). The first three matches were also recognized as Prudential Cup with the sponsorship of prudential plc, it is a pecuniary services company. Till the1992 Cricket World Cup, only 8 teams used to participate in the tournament. Later on, the number of teams increased and in Cricket World Cup2007, 16 teams had participated. But in 2011 Cricket World Cup 14 teams are participating. Introduction Cricket is a sport that has been played around the world for more than eight centuries. It is one of the most well-loved and feverishly watched sports in the  world. It involves two teams with 11 players on each side. The captain who wins the toss decides whether his team bats or bowls first. If they bat first, their aim is to score a lot of runs and make sure the other team does not reach that score. Cricket is played in many formats, but the most popular are Test cricket And One Day cricket. In Test cricket game goes on for 5 days, with each team batting twice – if time permits. One Day is the most popular format, with each team getting 300 balls to score runs. And the other team tries to outscore them within the same number of balls. One-day cricket originally began between English County teams in the 1960’s. The first one-day international was played in Melbourne, Australia, in 1971, with the quadrennial  Cricket World Cup  began in 1975. The Cricket World Cup is organized by the sport’s governing body, the International Cricket Council (ICC). The tournament is the world’s fourth-largest and fourth-most-viewed sporting event. History The first attempt at any kind of world championship was in 1912, when a three-way series was arranged between the then current Test playing nations, Australia, England and South Africa. No similar events were held again until 1975. The first ICC World Cup (officially called the Prudential Cup) was in1975, hosted by England (see full list of host countries). This tournament included the six Test-playing nations (England, Australia, New Zealand, West Indies, India and Pakistan), who were joined by Sri Lanka and East Africa. Following the success of this tournament, it was repeated in 1979 and 1983 in England. After this, the tournament moved to be played in other countries, maintaining a four-year cycle. 60 overs were used for the first three world cups. This was reduced to 50 in 1987 and has been that way since. Women also participate in another Cricket World cup since 1975. Cricket World Cup Hosting Nations England, 1975 This was the first ever Cricket World Cup, officially called the Prudential Cup, and was held from June 7 to June 21, 1975 in England. The tournament was held in England as it was considered the only nation at the time that had the resources to stage an event of such magnitude. The matches played consisted of 60 overs per team. Unlike today, all players wore a traditional white uniform and red balls were used. There were also no night games. There were 8 participating countries: o Australia o England o India o New Zealand o Pakistan o West Indies o Sri lanka o East Africa (composed of players from Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia) The preliminary matches were played in 2 groups of 4 teams. The top two teams from each group played the semifinals, and the winners of these played the final. The final was played at the Lords ground, between West Indies and Australia, with the favorites the West Indies winning by 17 runs. The West Indies scored 291 runs in 60 overs at a loss of 8 wickets. In reply Australia made 274 runs in 58. 4 overs all out. England, 197 England, 1979 †¢ This was the second Cricket World CUP (called the Prudential Cup), held in England between June 9 to June 23, 1979. †¢ The format of games was the same as in the 1975 World Cup (preliminary matches were played in 2 groups of 4 teams, with the top two teams in each group playing the semifinals, and the winners of these playing the final). The final was played at the Lord’s cricket ground in London between the West Indies and England. The West Indies won by 92 runs. They batted first and made 286 runs in 60 overs at a loss of 9 wickets. In reply, England made 194 runs before being all out after 51 overs. New Zealand and Pakistan were the other semifinalists. †¢ There were 8 particip ating countries: o Australia o England o India o New Zealand o Pakistan o West Indies o Sri lanka o Canada †¢ This tournament saw the introduction of the ICC Trophy, a competition used to determine which non-Test playing teams qualified for the World Cup. England, 1983 †¢ This was the third Cricket World Cup (Called the Prudential Cup). The tournament was held in England for the third consecutive time, between 9 and 25 June 1983. †¢ The preliminary matches were played in 2 groups of 4 each as in the previous two tournaments, though this time each country played the other teams in its group twice. The top two teams in each group qualified for the semifinals, and the winners of this played the final †¢ The final was played between India and the West Indies at the Lords ground in England. India scored 183 runs in 54. 4 overs all out. In reply, the West Indies made 140 runs in 52 overs all out, with India winning by 43 runs. †¢ There were 8 participating countries: o Australia o England o India o New Zealand o Pakistan o West Indies o Sri lanka o Zimbabwe (http://www. sportscanon. com/2011/01/25/1983-cricket-world-cup-summary/) India Pakistan, 1987 †¢ This was the fourth World Cup event (called the Reliance Cup) †¢ It was held jointly in India and Pakistan, held from October 9 to November 8, 1987 †¢ It was the first World Cup held outside of England. You read "Cricket World Cup" in category "Papers" †¢ The format was unchanged from previous World Cups, except for a eduction in the number of overs a team played from 60 to 50. †¢ The final was played between Australia and England at the Eden Gardens stadium in Calcutta India. Australia made 253 in their 50 overs with a loss of 5 wickets. In reply, England came up just short, making 246 in their 50 overs for a loss of 8 wickets. Austral ia winning by 7 runs. †¢ Australian David Boon was man of the final match, and the winning captain was Allan Border †¢ There were 8 participating countries: o Australia o England o India o New Zealand o Pakistan o West Indies o Sri lanka o Zimbabwe Australia and New Zealand, 1992 †¢ This was the fifth World Cup event and the first tournament held in the Southern hemisphere. It was also the first tournament to feature an African Test nation, South Africa. †¢ This was the first time day/night matches were used and the first tournament to use white cricket balls and colored team uniforms. †¢ The leading run scorer of the tournament was Martin Crowe of New Zealand with 456 runs. †¢ The leading wicket taker of the tournament was Wasim Akram of Pakistan with 16 wickets †¢ The format for this tournament changed from previous years. All teams were in one group and played each other once, rather than in two groups. The top four qualified for the knockout stage which was contested in similar fashion to the previous events. †¢ The final was played between Pakistan and England in Melbourne, Australia. Pakistan made 249 runs in 50 overs for 6 Wickets, compared to England’s total of 227 runs in 49. 2 all out. Pakistan won by 22 Runs. India, Pakistan Sri Lanka, 1996 †¢ At the World Cup in 1996, Australia and West Indies refused to play their matches against Sri Lanka in Sri Lanka due to security concerns, causing both matches to be awarded to Sri Lanka by default. Also, Sri Lanka was awarded a victory for their semi-final by default against India because of crowd riots. This aided their campaign which eventually led to them winning the final. †¢ The final was played between Sri Lanka and Australia in Lahore, Pakistan. Australia made 241 runs in 50 overs for a loss of 7 wickets. In reply, Sri Lanka made 245 runs in 46. 2 overs losing only 3 wickets on the way. The final result: Sri Lanka by 7 wickets. Eden Garden Stadium (Kolkata) (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/1996_Cricket_World_Cup) England, 1999 †¢ The 1999 event returned to England after sixteen years. Some matches also held in Ireland, Scotland and the Netherlands. †¢ This tournament has a similar group stage format as 1996, though there was a dramatic change in the second stage, where a â€Å"Super Six† round replaced the quarter-finals. †¢ One of the greatest matches in the ICC World Cup history was the Australia and South Africa tied game in their semi-final. †¢ The final was played between Australia and Pakistan at Lords, London. Australia made 133 runs in 20. 1 overs for 2 wickets; in reply Pakistan made 132 All out in 39 Overs. Australia won by 8 Wickets. (http://breakingnewsonline. et/cricket/6923-1999-cricket-world-cup-at-glance. html) South Africa, Zimbabwe Kenya, 2003 †¢ The 2003 World Cup was held between 9 February and 24 March 2003, in Southern Africa (co-hosted by South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya). †¢ The number of teams participating in the event increased from twelve to fourteen. †¢ Because of security concerns, Zimbabwe and Kenya won their matches against England and New Zealand by default. †¢ The Final was played between Australia and India on 23 March in Johannesburg, South Africa. †¢ Australia batted first and made 359 runs in 50 overs losing only 2 wickets. In reply India made 234 after being all out in 39. 2 overs. Australia was crowned champions after beating India by 125 runs. Wanderers Stadium (South Africa) (http://breakingnewsonline. net/cricket/6966-2003-cricket-world-cup-at-glance. html) West Indies, 2007 †¢ The 2007 ICC World Cup of Cricket was held in April 2007. It was the 9th World Cup tournament, and the first time it had been held in the West Indies. †¢ The tournament consisted of 16 teams, including all 10 Test playing nations and 6 qualifiers. The 10 Test match playing countries plus Kenya qualified automatically. The other five teams qualified via the 2005 ICC Trophy. The field of sixteen teams is the largest ever for the Cricket World Cup. †¢ The 16 teams were allocated into four groups of four. Within each group, the teams played each other in a round-robin format and the top two teams advanced to a ‘Super 8’ round. These eight teams then played in a round-robin format, except that they did not play the other team that advanced from their respective group. The top four teams from the Super 8 round advanced to the semi-finals, and the winners of the semi-finals then ompeted in the final, held at Kensington Oval in Bridgetown, on 28 April. †¢ The first hat-trick plus one (4 wickets in 4 balls) in World Cup history was by Sri Lankan Lasith Malinga against South Africa (Super Eights: South Africa v Sri Lanka at Providence, March 28, 2007) Bangladesh, India Sri Lank a, 2011 †¢ The 2011 Cricket World Cup was held in Bangladesh, India Sri Lanka. It was World Cup tourn ament, and the first time it had been held in the Bangladesh. †¢ Pakistan was originally going to co-host this event but due to security concerns in the years leading up to the event Pakistan’s hosting rights were revoked. The format of the tournament has been revised from previous events, and 14 teams will participate instead of 16. †¢ The new format ensures that each team gets to play a minimum of six matches even if they are ruled out of the tournament due to early defeats. [pic] Sher-e-Bangla Cricket Stadium. Mirpur, Dhaka (Outside Part) (http://dhakadailyphoto. blogspot. com/2011/02/dhaka-set-for-world-cup-cricket-2011. html) Cricket World Cup Firsts 1. The first world cup was held in 1975 in England. 2. The first world cup held outside England was in 1987 in India and Pakistan 3. The first time day/night matches was used was in 1992. . The first tournament to use white cricket balls and colored team uniforms was 1992. 5. The first tournament to feature an Afri can Test nation, South Africa, was in 1992. 6. The first team to remain undefeated throughout the whole tournament was Australia in 2003. They repeated this feat in the 2007 tournament. 7. The first hat-trick at the World Cup was by Indian Chetan Sharma in a game against New Zealand in 1987 www. images. google. com Chetan Sharma Trophy †¢ The current Trophy awarded to the winners of the ICC Cricket World Cup was created for the 1999 championships. It is the first permanent prize in the tournament’s history. †¢ The trophy was developed by a team of craftsmen from Garrard, the Crown Jewelers. It was designed and produced in London within two months. Cricket World Cup Trophy †¢ The trophy is 60 cm high, made from silver and gild and features a golden globe held up by three silver columns. The columns, shaped as stumps and bails, represent the three fundamental aspects of cricket: batting, bowling and fielding, while the globe represents the world and a cricket ball. The trophy is designed so that it can be instantly recognized from any angle. The trophy weighs approximately 11 kilograms and has the names of the previous winners inscribed on its base. There is still room for a further ten teams to have their name inscribed on the base. †¢ The actual trophy is always kept by the International Cricket Council. A replica is presented to the winning team, which is identical in all aspects apart from the inscripti on of the previous champions. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cricket_World_Cup_Trophy) Cricket World Cup awards Since 1992, one player has been declared as â€Å"Man of the Tournament† at the end of the World Cup finals: Year |Player |Performance details | |1992 |Martin Crowe |456 runs | |1996 |Sanath Jayasuria |221 runs and 7 wickets | |1999 |Lance Kluserner |281 runs and 17 wickets | |2003 |Sachin Tendulker |673 runs and 2 wickets | |2007 |Glen McGrath |26 wickets | |2011 |Yuvraj Singh |362 runs and 15 wickets | (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cricket_World_Cup_awards) Conclusion Cricket World Cup is the most premier international championship of men’s One Day International Cricket. It has huge fan following in the world, especially in South Asia. In South Asia cricket is like religion . When ever world cup comes to the people of this region gone mad. Successive World Cup tournaments have generated increasing media attention as One-Day International cricket has become more established. References http://www. wikipedia. org http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/1975_Cricket_World_Cup http://cricketfreaks. contentcreatorz. com/cricket-world-cup-1979-cricket-histor y/ http://www. sportscanon. com/2011/01/25/1983-cricket-world-cup-summary/ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/1987_Cricket_World_Cup http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/1992_Cricket_World_Cup http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/1996_Cricket_World_Cup http://breakingnewsonline. net/cricket/6923-1999-cricket-world-cup-at-glance. html http://breakingnewsonline. net/cricket/6966-2003-cricket-world-cup-at-glance. html ht tp://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/2007_Cricket_World_Cup http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cricket_World_Cup_Trophy http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cricket_World_Cup_awards ———————– Lords Cricket Ground [pic] [pic] (http://cricketfreaks. contentcreatorz. com/cricket-world-cup-1979-cricket-history/) (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/1975_Cricket_World_Cup) (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/1987_Cricket_World_Cup) How to cite Cricket World Cup, Papers

Decision Making Personal Integrity and Social Responsibility

Question: Discuss about the Decision Making for Personal Integrity and Social Responsibility. Answer: Introduction Case and King (2014) stated that spam email is a subset of the electronic spam where a single message is sent by email. The email includes malware as executable file attachments. The spam email is grown since the early 1990s. The spammers collect the email addresses from the websites, newsgroups as well as viruses that get the email addresses of the users and then sold it to other spammers. Chell et al., (2016) argued that email continues to be far most important service for the users of the internet. The report is based on privacy issue that is one of the main causes of receiving spam emails from the spammers. The report also reflects of the ethical analysis of the identified issue using four of the ethical theories and one of the theories of ACS code of ethics. It helps to identify if spam mail is right or wrong. Background of issue of spam email Reidenbach and Robin (2013) opined that spam is a result of lack of ethics as well as integrity in regards to promotional activities on the internet. The ethical dilemma faced by the organization is an invasion of privacy. In this report, spam is taken as a privacy issue. The customers of any organization should consider as unethical if it harms the professional credibility of them. It is a non-permissive approach if the spammers disclose the profile information or any sensitive information of the customers to others that could exploit the individuals life (Weiss, 2014). The advent of the email within the business world creates a new ground to moral dilemmas involving the information access as well as privacy. Ethical Analysis of spam email Utilitarianism Warren and Lucas (2016) stated that utilitarianism is a theory of ethics states that the right action is the one, which produces the greatest amount of happiness as well as pleasure for a large number of population. The rule of utilitarianism adopts moral rules, and if everyone follows it, then it leads to a greatest rise in total happiness. If the organization follows the rule of utilitarianism, then it diminishes the usefulness of the email system. A spammer chooses to send advertisements to many email addresses so that it would prefer to buy their products. When one advertisement is sent to other email addresses, then there is a chance of clogged with spam (Hartman, DesJardins MacDonald, 2014). Spammers do not respect others time as well as money; they are only focused on their profit. The recipients are not interested in their messages, and there is wastage of time deleting unwanted emails. As per the act of utilitarianism, the people those are involved in spamming are the spammers. The recipients those are receiving those spam either happy if they want the product and irritated if they unwanted messages that clog their email (DesJardins McCall, 2014). Some people are happy with this act of thinking that it would give help in saving money with cheap products. However, on another hand, some people are not happy with the spam email, and it is not making happy to everyone. Therefore, spamming is identified as wrong. According to the rule of utilitarianism, spam benefits the spammers if they buy their product and the product prove to be beneficial for them (Hursthouse, 2013). The disadvantage is for those people who are not interested in the message. It causes announce due to wastage of both time as well as money, and the email is being clogged by unwanted messages. Deontology Ethics Schrittwieser, Mulazzani and Weippl (2013) stated that the deontology theory is that the individuals are morally obligated in order to act by some principles as well as rules regardless of the outcomes. According to this theory, the principles derive from divine commandment such that it is under the religious laws, that the individuals are morally obligated not to tell a lie, steal as well as a cheat. The messages those are sent to the individuals should not hurt other feelings as well as emotions. Broad (2014) argued that this theory teaches that if the spammers treat others as an end, and they only think of their profit, then the spammers treat the recipients as a means to an end and therefore the spamming is identified as wrong. Melewar, Gambetti and Martin (2014) opined that this theory is mainly duty based. Morality must be grounded in this concept of duty. Morality does not do with the promotion of happiness as well as achievement of desirable consequences. Unless, the spammers treat fairly since the same rules would be applied to all the persons. The spammers should also treat the recipients in same equality level such as they should only think of their profit but also think that due to receiving of spam messages, the recipients are not irritated. When the spammer should send messages to the individuals, then it should ensure that they are happy with it (Meijdam, 2015). Spammers should also respect the time as well as money of the recipients and give them proper profit. Social Contract Theory Warren and Lucas (2016) stated that the social contract theory gives a right to free speech for everyone. Therefore, anyone can send an email to anyone. There is no such requirement that people should listen to them about what they say. However, when this right of free speech is given to people, it has being observed that on rights of others as well. If some of the people are unhappy with the spam message, then it should able to send an angry reply to the message to the spammers. The problem is that the spammers forge headers such that they do not get angry replies from the recipients (Shafer-Landau, 2012). It violates the equality, and therefore the spam mail as well as this spamming is identified as wrong. Therefore, the factor that creates a problem is equality of human power. If all people are happy with the spam messages, and they think that, it will give benefit to them, then there is a high level of equality among the human beings. Then, it will prove that spamming is not wrong. However, the main fact is that 99,990,000 are people are unhappy with the spam mail (Weber, 2014). Then, they should send an angry reply to the spammers, and it would result in a high cost to the spammers. Melewar, Gambetti and Martin (2014) argued that the social contract theory is defined as an individuals at the society consenting to set of moral rules which govern how the people are to be treated one another for mutual benefit. The antis-spam organization is refusing to accept the mail did something wrong. Even though, the spam emails dropped down to approximately 25 percent (Leicester, 2016). It is not right to put in there; it is called blacklist. Only the anti-spam organizations are benefited due to this. Character based Theory Reidenbach and Robin (2013) stated that the character based theory is a term which refers to normative ethical theories that would emphasize the virtues of the mind as well as character. It is also known as virtue ethics. If the organization should follow as well as understand the virtue ethics, then it helps frame different approaches in order to communicate in the workplace, which leads to a better outcome for the employees as well as customers. Warren and Lucas (2016) opined that this ethical theory develops strong positive character traits which will tend to do the right thing. This theory focuses on criteria to do with the development of the character of the spammers as well as the acquisition of good character traits from the habits they develop. In order to become a character based ethical person, one is being required to develop their strength as well as excellence (DesJardins McCall, 2014). To become a moral person, one requires getting right virtues. It is required to give proper training of good habits as well as character traits; one should require achieving moral virtues such as courage. In a case of spam email, sometimes the spammers sent spam email to the customers to get any information from them. As taken an example, InterMovies is a site, which streams movies for a monthly fee. It is used to collect information about movie choices from the customers. It also constructs profiles of the customers (Vanberg, 2016). Some of the customers are happy in order to receive mail order from the spammers while others are happy due to increasing in spam mail. Therefore, here again, all the customers are not happy with the spam mail, therefore the process of sending spam mail to the customers as well as individuals are again wrong. ACS code of ethics Warren and Lucas (2016) stated that the professional person should advance the honor as well as the effectiveness of the profession of information processing. They should also keep high standards of competence as well as ethical conduct. In this report, honesty is taken as an element of ACS code of ethics. The spammers should be honest about their skills, services as well as products. Spam email is most of the biggest privacy threat as the spam where the unwanted emails are sent daily without aware the users. In some of the regions, the spammers are difficult to track since it clusters the mailbox as well as contains malicious content (Reidenbach Robin, 2013). When email is sent to the individuals, then the spammers should be honest in the following areas such as: The spammers should not mislead the customers to the suitability of their products as well as services (Case King, 2014). The spammers should not misrepresent their skills as well as knowledge while delivering spam emails to the persons. They must qualify opinions of professional, which are based on limited knowledge as well as experience (DesJardins McCall, 2014). They must give credit for the work that is done by others. The Spammers should know about the law about sending emails such as Spam Act. If the spammers are promoting as well as advertising some product or services through the electronic communication such as through the use of spam mail, then they should ensure that it must not against the Spam Act (Vanberg, 2016). The law should focus on honesty such as tell the recipients about where the email is coming from. There should be a label of "From", "To" as well as "Reply To", so that the recipients should know the sender. Therefore, the spam mail should contain the person's name as well as a name of the business sending the email to the recipients. Conclusion It is concluded that the spam mail is the emails that are unsolicited as well as it is sent to the users. The spammers collect the address of the emails of the users through the websites or sometimes hack it from the website where the users have shared it. They get the email addresses of the users and then sold it to other spammers. The spam emails are accepted as unethical when it harms the professional credibility of the users. When lost of emails are sent to the users, then it would clog their emails, and it results in dissatisfaction of the customers. From the ethical analysis of the spam email, it is identified that all the ethical theories are identified spam mail as wrong. When all the users are happy with the mail, and they are a desire to buy the products and services, then it results into equality of the human. Honesty code of ethics is required to form some trust among the users so that they are ensuring that the spam emails cannot harm their personal information as well a s their reputations. References Broad, C. D. (2014).Five types of ethical theory(Vol. 2). Routledge. Case, C. J., King, D. L. (2014). System Security: A Trend Analysis of Student Electronic Resources Use Policy Perceptions and Risky Behavior.ASBBS E-Journal,10(1), 31. Chell, E., Spence, L. J., Perrini, F., Harris, J. D. (2016). Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: does social equal ethical?.Journal of Business Ethics,133(4), 619-625. DesJardins, J. R., McCall, J. J. (2014).Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning. Hartman, L. P., DesJardins, J. R., MacDonald, C. (2014).Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. McGraw-Hill. Hursthouse, R. (2013). Normative virtue ethics.ETHICA,645. Leicester, N. (2016). Ethics in the IT Profession: Does a Code of Ethics have an Effect on Professional Behaviour?. Meijdam, K. C. (2015).Phishing as a Service: Designing an ethical way of mimicking targeted phishing attacks to train employees(Doctoral dissertation, TU Delft, Delft University of Technology). Melewar, T. C., Gambetti, R. C., Martin, K. D. (2014). Special Issue on: Managing Intangible Ethical Assets: Enhancing Corporate Identity, Corporate Brand, and Corporate Reputation to Fulfill the Social Contract.Business Ethics Quarterly,24(02), 310-312. Reidenbach, R. E., Robin, D. P. (2013). Toward the development of a multidimensional scale for improving evaluations of business ethics. InCitation Classics from the Journal of Business Ethics(pp. 45-67). Springer Netherlands. Schrittwieser, S., Mulazzani, M., Weippl, E. (2013, May). Ethics in security research which lines should not be crossed?. InSecurity and Privacy Workshops (SPW), 2013 IEEE(pp. 1-4). IEEE. Shafer-Landau, R. (Ed.). (2012).Ethical theory: an anthology(Vol. 13). John Wiley Sons. Vanberg, V. J. (2016).Social contract vs. invisible hand: Agreeing to solve social dilemmas(No. 16/04). Walter Eucken Institut eV. Warren, M., Lucas, R. (2016). Ethics and ICT: Why all the fuss?.Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society,14(2). Weber, T. M. (2014). Examining Social Contract Theory. Weiss, J. W. (2014).Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Taoism Essays (498 words) - Taoism, Philosophy, Chinese Culture

Taoism Taoism The Eastern Philosophy of Taoism is probably one of the earliest forms of philosophy known to man. Lao-tzu book the Tao Te Ching is the guidelines for any true follow of Taoism to live by. Taoism is a philosophy practice by one to get in accordance with nature, and to live simple. The ultimate goal of Taoism to become Sage or a wise man and once you achieve this goal you are said to be one with nature and you are heavenly. Taoism has many different aspect of it but one particular portion I am going to focus on is in chapter three of the Tao Te Ching. The Tao Te Ching says in this portion that one must give up wordily things such as luxuries and lifes little extravagances because they cause great disturbance for another individual, on the basis that they dont have this particular item. (c.3) The Tao Te Ching states that one must be willing to give these items up and not want them at all, for if one individual has an extravagant item or luxury another individual will want that item or another one like it. Thus induces the fact that an individual will be more willing to steal the item from you than work for his/her own because it is easier to steal. Which then causes the owner stress on wondering if someone will try and take his possession and in the end causes great disturbance for both parties. On one point the Taoist can be correct in making this claim. A good example of this would be if no one valued gold, well then no one would want it. Yes and also in a hypothetical world this would cut or even stop theft and other crimes that may occur in relation with theft. However to what extent is this theory true? We cannot assume that everyone can just throw basic desires or even certain wants away; after all we are all human and many of us want many different things out of life. The Taoist theory has many good intentions but is by far unethical. You cannot expect anyone person to throw away what they desire. People in a society and culture desire things for a reason. The first reasoning being because that individual wants that particular item, and secondly it makes them feel good to own it, to have achieved it. Every individual is different in society some of us have the same traits but no one is identically alike, that is one of the things that make our race so unique. To suggest that we give up a portion of our self worth and drive for achievement is ridiculous. A society or culture is founded upon certain rules and ethics. These ethics our taught and handed down by generations and our elders, if stealing or theft is a problem then we need to correct it there, not in our wants and desires. Philosophy Essays

Riordan Manufacturing †Hardware and Software Essays

Riordan Manufacturing – Hardware and Software Essays Riordan Manufacturing – Hardware and Software Essay Riordan Manufacturing – Hardware and Software Essay Riordan Manufacturing – Hardware and Software Introduction One of the top priorities at Riordan and many other businesses is guarding against loss, theft, and waste of the company assets. According to Bagranoff, Simkin Strand protecting these assets means an organization must focus on developing and implementing an internal control system. Further, the internal control system must also be capable of performing other functions like assisting in ensuring data processing is dependable and encouraging operational efficiency within the business (2008, p. 40). This paper will initially identify the hardware and software necessary to integrate the conversion cycle into an automated system at Riordan. Then, the information that needs to be shared between the different cycles and who will need access to this information will be discussed. Next, what controls need to be in place and the types of reports that need to be generated will be examined. Lastly, what in formation should be available through Internet and corporate intranet will be discussed. Hardware and Software Necessary The essential key to the integration of the conversion cycle is an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System. ERP is a way to integrate the data and processes of an organization into a single system. Usually ERP systems will have many components including hardware and software, in order to achieve integration, however, most ERP systems use a unified database to store data for various functions found throughout the organization (techfaq, 2008). Todays ERP systems can cover a wide range of functions and integrate these functions into one unified database. For instance, functions such as human resources, supply chain management, customer relations management, financials, manufacturing functions and warehouse management functions were all once stand alone software applications. These functions were usually housed with their own database and network. Today, they can all fit under one umbrella the ERP system (techfaq, 2008). Shared Information The information that needs to be shared between departments at Riordan Manufacturing is purchase orders, invoices, work orders, customer orders and customer billing. Many different departments of Riordan will need access to various levels of the new system. For example, the research and marketing supervisor will need access to the system to confirm what supplies production has on hand and what supplies still need to be obtained. The product department supervisor needs access to the system to keep oversee labor, supplies, budget and deliveries. The workers in production need system access to input supplies used, output produced and quantity of hours spent on producing a product. The billing department needs system access to charge costs to the proper department. The President, CEO, COO, and CFO need system access to view the entire system, from month end reports down to payment reports (Moss and Stine, 1993). Although, normally there is no requirement for upper and middle level management to examine the lower level reports, questions periodically arise from the monthly and annual reports that require investigation. During these occurrences management will use date gathered from various sources like inventory and labor reports. Controls To integrate the accounts receivable process into an automated system for Riordan Manufacturing, management needs to reduce the likelihood of risks happening in the future. To reduce the risk, management should identify possible events that represent a problem to the firm then determine the appropriate internal controls to implement to deter those problems from occurring (Dunn, Cherrington Hollander, 2004). â€Å"Internal control describes the policies, plans, and procedures implemented by a firm to protect its assets† (Bagranoff, Simkin Strand, 2008, p. 40). Three types of controls that need to be operational for the business to reduce risk and function optimally are preventive controls, detective controls, and corrective controls. Preventative controls are the initial level of protection an organization implements to discourage problems from occurring. At this level risked are analyzed and solutions are implemented to prevent problems. When the preventive control has faile d a detective control is implemented. This control is designed to uncover an undesired problem that has transpired (Dunn, et al, 2004). The third control is the corrective control, which is designed to restore a system to an approved or last known good state. A company usually establishes corrective controls to remedy problems that are discovered by the detective controls. One advisable procedure that can be implemented for this control is establishing training programs that educate employees about how to use the new automated system that can help them perform their job functions more efficiently and effectively. It is imperative to understand that for the integration, any control strategy has to be tailored to address the risks to objectives that management identifies as unacceptable. The objective should be detecting risks that are materially threatening the goals of the organization and reducing them to the point that management is more willing to accept. Generated Reports The reports that need to be generated in an automated system are customer orders, purchase requisitions, labor requests, and general reports. Customer orders dictate what items are manufactured and what quantities need to be supplied in a specified time frame (Dunn, et al, 2004). At Riordan, purchase requisitions are important because they exhibit the materials that need to be purchased to manufacture customer orders. Labor requests are used to dictate the number of employees needed for each job order as well as the timeframe the job will occur. General reports are used to inform management and other supervisors of the results of inventory expended and labor used to accomplish a job. Internet and Intranet Riordan will have some reports available on the Internet for stockholders and outside interests to access. These reports will include quarterly and annual reports that will be uploaded after being approved by the CFO. This will allow research into the financial standings of Riordan in order to show the financial stability of the company and the strength of the stock holdings. There will also be a corporate intranet available to all internal interests. Most reports will be available on this system in order to keep satellite locations aware of financial decisions and information. The IT department will give different access to the various levels of the company through the use of password protection. As described in the access section above, not all levels will need to view all reports. Conclusion By making one of the top priorities at Riordan guarding against loss, theft, and waste of the company assets, the company enjoys the success in business. Riordan accomplishes this task by focusing on developing and implementing an internal control system that is capable of performing other functions like assisting in ensuring data processing is dependable and encouraging operational efficiency within the business. This paper initially identified the hardware and software necessary to integrate the conversion cycle into an automated system at Riordan. Then, the information that needs to be shared between the different cycles and who will need access to this information was discussed. Next, what controls need to be in place and the types of reports that need to be generated were examined. Lastly, what information should be available through Internet and corporate intranet was discussed. Reference Bagranoff, N. A. , Simkin, M. G. , Strand, C.. Core Concepts of Accounting Information Systems (10th ed. ) Wiley, 2008 New York, NY Dunn C. L. , Cherrington J. O. , Hollander A. S. (2004). Enterprise Information Systems: A Pattern- Based Approach, 3e. The McGraw-Hill Companies, copyright 2004. Moss, Jimmy D. , and Bert Stine. Cash Conversion Cycle and Firm Size: A Study of Retail Firms. Managerial Finance. December 1993 Techfaq. (2008). What is ERP? Retrieved August 15, 2008, from techFaq Web site: tech-faq. com/erp. shtml