Music Therapy

Professor Yankee 11/19/12 Music Therapy Why do people use this type of therapy exactly? Well music has been used as medicine for thousands of years and there's a growing field of health care known as music therapy, which uses music to heal. Those who practice music therapy find benefits in using it to help cancer patients, children with ADD, and others, and even hospitals are beginning to use music therapy to help with pain management, to help ward off depression, to promote movement, to calm patients, to improve communication, to ease muscle tension, and for many other benefits that music and music therapy can bring.A lot of people don't understand what kind of therapy this is, people have different assumptions about it but it is a real profession that takes a bachelor music degree. Music therapists work with a variety of physical, emotional, and psychological symptoms. It is often used in cancer treatment to help reduce pain, anxiety, and nausea caused by chemotherapy. Some people believe music therapy may be beneficial to the health care of children with cancer by promoting social interaction and cooperation.There is evidence that music therapy can reduce high blood pressure, rapid heart beat, depression, and sleeplessness. There are no claims music therapy can cure cancer or other diseases, but medical experts do believe it can reduce some symptoms, aid healing, improve physical movement, and enrich a patient’s quality of life. Ancient Greek philosophers believed music could heal both body and mind, Native Americans used singing and chants to heal millennia. More formal approaches begin in World War two when hospitals started using music to help soldiers with shell shock.In 1944, Michigan State University established the first music therapy degree program in the world. Music therapists design music sessions for individuals and groups based on their needs and tastes. Some aspects of music therapy include making music, listening to music, writing songs , and talking about lyrics. Music therapy may also involve imagery and learning through music. It can be done in different places such as hospitals, cancer centers, at home, or anywhere people can benefit from its calming or stimulating effects. The patient does ot need to have any musical ability to benefit from music therapy. Most peoples reaction to music is a burst of energy upon hearing an upbeat song or a sense of calm during a soothing classical piece. Music therapy uses this connection between music and mood. It has also been shown to lower amounts of the hormone cortisol, which becomes elevated under stress, and to increase the release of endorphins, the body’s natural â€Å"feel-good† hormones. Researchers have found that music therapy, when used with anti-nausea drugs for patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy, can help ease nausea and vomiting.A number of clinical trials have shown the benefit of music therapy for short-term pain, including pain from can cer. Music therapy works by stimulating parts of the brain that are associated with music in a person with Alzheimer’s disease, the section of the brain that allows direct recall of memories is damaged. Musical memories, however, are associated not only with the music itself but also with the circumstances surrounding the musical experience. Listening to music can indirectly stimulate the recall of memory fragments that otherwise could not be retrieved.The ability to retrieve some memories can be comforting to people with dementia. In a different manner, music therapy can assist those with Parkinson’s disease. In a person with Parkinson’s, the part of the brain that organizes thoughts and movements into action is damaged. Music with a strong, rhythmic beat can stimulate motor control, movement and coordination. Studies show that gait training that uses music improves walking speed and coordination for people with Parkinson’s.In general, music therapy done under the care of a professionally trained therapist has a helpful effect and is considered safe when used with standard treatment. Musical intervention by untrained people can be ineffective or can even cause increased stress and discomfort. Relying on this type of treatment alone and avoiding or delaying conventional medical care for cancer may have serious health consequences. Besides that there are no real risks or dangers to using music to heal. But how far can music heal you?There was a study that examined 200-300 patients with diabetes participants in a three year study starting this April. Although we do know that music can help vasculature, mental states and mood, there is little to no evidence to suggest that music therapy will help the outcome of diabetes. Perhaps there will be some miraculous benefit for patients suffering from diabetes to engage in extreme music therapy, however previous research indicates that it is not the music itself that determines the benefits, b ut the emotional responses to the music that is the key.Even though there is little evidence to support that music will help diabetes. Scientific studies have shown the value of music therapy on the body, mind, and spirit of children and adults. Researchers have found that music therapy, when used with anti-nausea drugs for patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy, can help ease nausea and vomiting. A number of clinical trials have shown the benefit of music therapy for short-term pain, including pain from cancer.Some studies have suggested that music may help decrease the overall intensity of the patient’s experience of pain when used with pain-relieving drugs. Music therapy can also result in a decreased need for pain medicine in some patients, although studies on this topic have shown mixed results. Studies have shown that students who take music lessons have improved IQ levels, and show improvement in nonmusical abilities as well. Other studies have shown that listening to music composed by Mozart produces a short-term improvement in tasks that use spatial abilities.Studies of brain circulation have shown that people listening to Mozart have more activity in certain areas of the brain. This has been called the â€Å"Mozart effect. † Although the reasons for this effect are not completely clear, this kind of information supports the idea that music can be used in many helpful ways. What can be improved ? Verbal & nonverbal communication, Gross and fine motor movement,Range of motion, Relaxation techniques, Anger management skills, Expression of emotion, Sensory integration, Academic skills, and Leisure skills. We use music to make your life better.Whether you need help socially, cognitively, physically, emotionally, or developmentally, music can help you get better and music therapists trained on how to do that. What’s more interesting, though, is why it works. When used properly, music can be an incredibly powerful treatment tool. And not just because it’s fun, relaxing, and motivating, but because music has a profound impact on our brains and our bodies. First off music is the core function of our brains, we have physiologic responses to music,Our brain is primed early on to respond to and process music.Every time your breathing quickens, your heart-rate increases, or you feel a shiver down your spine, that’s your body responding physiologically to music. Qualified music therapists can use this to help stimulate a person in a coma or use music to effectively help someone relax. Music often has a predictable steady beat, organized phrases, and a structured form. Most country/folk/pop/rock songs, they’re often organized with a verse-chorus structure. They’re organized in a way that we like and enjoy listening to over and over again.Even sound waves that make up a single tone or an entire chord are organized in mathematical ratios–and our brains really like this predictability an d structure. Music is in our everyday lives, we hear it in the store, at school, church, music is part of our thoughts, how we speak, even when there's none around we can still it in our heads. With all these benefits that music can carry, it's no surprise that music therapy is growing in popularity. Many hospitals are using music therapists for pain management and other uses. Music therapists help with several other issues as well, including stress.While music therapy is an important discipline, you can also achieve many benefits from music on your own. Music can be used in daily life for relaxation, to gain energy when feeling drained, for catharsis when dealing with emotional stress, and in other ways as well. Music therapy has been proven to be an effective form of therapy in a variety of areas for a multitude of ailments. However, there is still much more theorizing, discussion, and research that needs to be done in this area, and that fact makes it all the more interesting.Thr ough technological advances and constantly evolving musical styles as well as cross-cultural influences, this is one form of therapy that will never cease to be innovative and topical. Hopefully, researchers will continue to treat this topic as a serious area of psychology and one that deserves to be molded into a more scientific pedagogy through advancement and refinement of research and therapeutic techniques. I believe there is much more to be discovered about music and its effect on humanity.

Amber Inn & Suites, Inc

Amber Inn & Suites, Inc. is a 250 property hotel chain with locations in 10 western and Rocky Mountain States. As a special assistant to the corporation the goal is to prepare a comprehensive analysis with the possibility of establishing a solid base for future growth. (Kerin and Peterson, 2010). This case study will provide a summary and analysis of Amber Inn & Suites, Inc. options and an examination into the company’s strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities. Problem Modification Amber Inn & Suites, Inc. problems to be addressed are how to emphasize on the corporate travelers and vacationing family stays. The American Hotel and Lodging Association have reported one half of all guests are business travelers and the other half are for leisure or family vacations. In comparison, Amber Inn & Suites, Inc. basically offers the same amenities as other hotel chains in the midscale to economy range. (Kerin and Peterson, 2010). However, they are not able to compete with higher level hotel chains due to limited-services which inhibit their growth potential. Case Analysis Amber Inn & Suites, Inc. has projected growth in the annual lodging revenue of 7.4% for the current fiscal year. However, it is still slightly below the overall hotel industry average of 7.6%, but higher than the average limited-service growth rate of 5.8%. However, Amber Inn & Suites, Inc. is also projected to reflect its’ third year net loss while the hotel industry as a whole and the limited-service operations reported profitable operations over the past three years following improved economic conditions. (Kerin and Peterson, 2010). During the past fiscal year, Amber Inn & Suites, Inc. has closed two underperforming Amber Inn locations and opened one Amber Inn & Suites property. In the past few years, Amber Inn & Suites, Inc. has closed 12 underperforming Amber Inn properties, and opened two Amber Inn properties and three Amber Inn & Suites properties. Amber Inn & Suites, Inc. is projected to reflect lower revenue in the current fiscal year due to â€Å"Free-Night Stay† promotions. The loss of revenue for each location utilizing this promotion will have an effect on overall performance of the chain. The Direct Cost per room is projected to be $28.75 which has remained steady for the past three years. However, variable costs directly associated with the operation of the hotel properties, such as direct labor, utilities, and hotel/room supplies (including breakfast food and beverage service) are subject to change. (Kerin and Peterson, 2010). Corporate expenses are subject to the going market rates for Sales, general, and administrative. These costs can include: 1. IT Services 2. Legal 3. Finance expenses (interest rates) 4. Accounting (especially if utilizing outside sources such as an accountant) 5. Human resources (outside sources are more costly) 6. Sales (outside sources are more costly) 7. Marketing (outside sources are more costly) Amber Inn & Suites, Inc. hired two additional National Sales Representatives this past year for a total of 10 representatives. Marketing cost rose due to added marketing and media advertising. A large scale study was performed to identify Amber Inn & Suites, Inc. guests. Both of these additions increased the expenditures for the current fiscal year with results and benefits to be determined in the future. Identifying the Root Problem Components Executives have expressed concern over the occupancy level at each of the locations. Asking questions as follows: 1. Are we utilizing the very best promotions or are there better promotions we can offer 2. Are we asking questions about what consumers want 3. What determines which hotel they choose to stay at 4. Why are we comparing Amber Inn as an economy hotel when we offer better services 5. Are we meeting our guests expectations 6. Are we providing the best services available 7. Are our rooms up to the companies standards at all locations These are all questions we should be asking ourselves and finding answers. We can improve our performance as a leader in hotel management for all locations and we will meet guest’s expectations. Evaluation of Alternatives As a Special Assistant for Amber Inn & Suites, Inc., recommendations would include widen the target market to include more amenities for business travelers and the leisure/family vacations. There is no reason to trade off the leisure/family vacation business vs. business travelers. You can look at ways of establishing sections in the hotel to accommodate both. Such as north, south, east, and west wings to separate the families from the business guests. A business guest may not want a room full of children above, under, next door, or across the hall from them. The noise level is a problem for a business traveler preparing for meetings. This causes complaints. Simple solutions separate them at check-in. Identify who your guests are and what their needs are going to be while visiting your location. Advertising this consideration will be a big plus for any business traveler or singles who do not want to listen to a crying baby. Displaying emphasis on what a guests needs are will separate you and establish the brand. Brand awareness is a major emphasis in the upcoming year. A meeting needs to be arranged with the CEO, Joseph James, and all other executives to present a plan of action. If you do not make brand awareness your mission how does Amber Inn & Suites, Inc. plan to take control of their destiny? All executives need to have the same goals to make Amber Inn & Suites, Inc. the best it can be. Special attention should be given to a set growth plan for advertising and promotions. Since the ‘Free-Night† is costing Amber Inn & Suites, Inc. money come up with a better incentive to entice guests to stay at your chain instead of any other. Promote Amber Inn & Suites, Inc. is such a way your guests seek you out. My recommendation is to identify your target market of past business travelers and leisure/vacation guests send emails offering special rates/discounts for multiple night stays. Let them know about the new way of assigning rooms based on needs of the guests. Add this information to Amber Inn & Suites, Inc. website for future potential guests. Making this change to website information will become word of mouth advertising. This is the best advertisement you can have and it is free! Growth potential in all areas outlined creates the opportunities to be more successful! Recommendations The following are recommendations: 1. Place more emphasis on the leisure/vacation travelers and business travelers 2. Set up sections of the hotel for lodging based on guests needs separating business travelers and single/older guest needing quieter environments vs. family guests with children 3. Establish the rooming needs for guests during the reservation or check-in process 4. Establish Express check-out service onsite 5. Establish/emphasize brand awareness through emails (former guest) and website information 6. Set up check-in/check-out service via website guests will just need to stop briefly at the counter to receive/drop off rooms keys 7. Broaden advertisement/promotions offering discounts/special rates for returning guests 8. Improve efficiencies at locations guest needs being primary focus Conclusion The emphasis in the upcoming year will be meeting guest needs in all areas. With special focus on establishing a new way to assigning rooms for guests, listening to guests about what they want and need, and lowering or eliminating guest complaints. Setting our Amber Inn brand apart from other hotels in the industry, creating the perfect environment for all guests, and raising our expectations compared to economy level hotels. Promote the Amber Suites brand to be very comparable to any other hotel chain in the midscale range even though we do not offer onsite restaurants and conference facilities. Eliminate the â€Å"Free-Night† promotion and design a new promotion to create customer loyalty and establish brand choice. All of these upgrade changes can be accomplished with our guests in mind. Now let’s work together to rebuild a new future!

African American Civil Rights Short Essay

A century of slavery and half a century of Jim Crows segregation laws, the African American people were finally victorious when the civil rights act of 1964 and the Voting Rights act of 1965 were passed. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities and women. Congress finally asserted their authority to regulate interstate commerce under Article One (section 8). Their duty is to guarantee all citizens equal protection including African Americans under the laws of the Fourteenth Amendment. Also the fourteenth Amendment protects voting rights under the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibits the government from denying any citizen the ability, or right to vote based on race or color. For so long African Americans have been held back due to slavery and Jim Crow laws. After Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) racial segregation was necessary in all public facilities under the doctrine of â€Å"separate but equal†. The fact of the matter is that whites and blacks were never equal, just separate. Jim Crow laws were adopted throughout the south to alienate black citizens and physically separate African Americans and whites. These laws institutionalized segregation of African Americans and whites and did not allow access use of the same schools, hospitals, prisons, public parks, housing communities, and even restrooms. Lets remember these facilities were completely unequal. The white facilities were obviously more luxurious in every way, and throughout the whole country it was obvious that in no section blacks were treated equal. The most important goal of these laws was to keep blacks from voting. Whites realized that once blacks were able to vote freely they truly were equal to every citizen. The best way they kept blacks from voting was through literacy tests. Through all the efforts whites were putting to keep blacks from voting they have been successful allowing less than 10% of blacks voting in the south in 1910. These segregation laws stayed until Brown v. Board of Education (1954), which overturned the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson. The decision stated that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. It was realized after this that racial segregation was ruled a violation of the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This decision paved the way for integration in the south and throughout the United States and was a major win in the civil rights movement. Blacks were most successfully when they were organized. The organized bus boycott, sit-ins, freedom rides, and march on Washington brought national attention to the war on civil rights. Martin Luther King Jr. led these events; his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech is world famous now due to the significance of the civil rights movement. These demonstrations were pivotal for the African American community in declaring their liberty. Finally when the Civil rights Act of 1964 passed along with the Voting Rights Act of 1965, discrimination because of race was outlawed and any color human being could vote. Blacks were finally free and were the true winners of the civil rights movement 1950s and 1960s. They were finally equal and there rights were fully instilled. (Sources: The Logic of American Politics) African American Civil Rights Short Essay A century of slavery and half a century of Jim Crows segregation laws, the African American people were finally victorious when the civil rights act of 1964 and the Voting Rights act of 1965 were passed. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities and women. Congress finally asserted their authority to regulate interstate commerce under Article One (section 8). Their duty is to guarantee all citizens equal protection including African Americans under the laws of the Fourteenth Amendment. Also the fourteenth Amendment protects voting rights under the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibits the government from denying any citizen the ability, or right to vote based on race or color. For so long African Americans have been held back due to slavery and Jim Crow laws. After Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) racial segregation was necessary in all public facilities under the doctrine of â€Å"separate but equal†. The fact of the matter is that whites and blacks were never equal, just separate. Jim Crow laws were adopted throughout the south to alienate black citizens and physically separate African Americans and whites. These laws institutionalized segregation of African Americans and whites and did not allow access use of the same schools, hospitals, prisons, public parks, housing communities, and even restrooms. Lets remember these facilities were completely unequal. The white facilities were obviously more luxurious in every way, and throughout the whole country it was obvious that in no section blacks were treated equal. The most important goal of these laws was to keep blacks from voting. Whites realized that once blacks were able to vote freely they truly were equal to every citizen. The best way they kept blacks from voting was through literacy tests. Through all the efforts whites were putting to keep blacks from voting they have been successful allowing less than 10% of blacks voting in the south in 1910. These segregation laws stayed until Brown v. Board of Education (1954), which overturned the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson. The decision stated that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. It was realized after this that racial segregation was ruled a violation of the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This decision paved the way for integration in the south and throughout the United States and was a major win in the civil rights movement. Blacks were most successfully when they were organized. The organized bus boycott, sit-ins, freedom rides, and march on Washington brought national attention to the war on civil rights. Martin Luther King Jr. led these events; his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech is world famous now due to the significance of the civil rights movement. These demonstrations were pivotal for the African American community in declaring their liberty. Finally when the Civil rights Act of 1964 passed along with the Voting Rights Act of 1965, discrimination because of race was outlawed and any color human being could vote. Blacks were finally free and were the true winners of the civil rights movement 1950s and 1960s. They were finally equal and there rights were fully instilled. (Sources: The Logic of American Politics)

DNA repair mechanisms role in survival to nucleoside analogues Thesis

DNA repair mechanisms role in survival to nucleoside analogues treatment in S.pombe - Thesis Example Two methods of treatment where this is especially important to consider are topoisomerase inhibitors and nucleoside analogues. In both of these cases, DNA repair systems involve the use of the Mre11/Rad50/NBS1 complex. This project aims to examine how DNA repair mechanisms of Schizosaccharomyces pombe contribute to resistance to treatment with nucleoside analogues. This information should help to provide further insight into the way in which human cells are able to develop resistance to this form of treatment, and perhaps provide some indication of a method to prevent this. In everyday life, cells are exposed to external and internal agents that cause thousands of DNA mutations per day. These mutations range from being small, such as affecting a single nucleotide, to large mutations where accurate repair can be difficult. For the accurate propagation of the genetic information within cells, it is essential that the body has mechanisms of repairing damage in a reliable manner. However, while many methods for DNA repair exist, these are not always successful and mutations can accumulate, resulting in the development of cancer (Helleday et al., 2007). Understanding these processes, why they occur the way that they do and what can be done to influence these is crucial for knowing the way that cancer occurs, and determining methods of treating it effectively. In our modern society, cancer has remained one of the most well studied diseases and perhaps one of the least understood. The fundamental aspects of cancer are damage in the DNA of a cell that results in a lack of control over cell growth and replication, as well reducing the likelihood that cells will enter apoptosis. These cells are able to proliferate well beyond the normal constraints of the tissue that they are in (Loeb et al., 2003). With high levels of replication and low cell death, abnormal cells build up

Storm drainage design project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Storm drainage design project - Essay Example Hydrograph analysis is also used to explain various river behaviors such as how a watershed responds to rainfall and how lag time is related with other parameters such as soil conditions and geology. It also helps in finding out discharge patterns of a particular drainage basin and helps engineers and planners to assess the potential of a river to flood and predict flooding events, therefore influence implementation of various flood prevention measures by means of water supply pipelines or channels, dams etc. This paper critically analyses hydrograph for Thaw River and assess various factors that determine a river’s potential to flood. It investigates the chances of taking water supply from the river by means of a pipeline or channel. The paper also discusses different design considerations for such pipeline or channel. Hydrologic mathematical models for flood prediction and management involve complex mathematical calculations. They represent a system’s physical behavior in terms of mathematical equations. In this sense, any hydrological analysis heavily relies on the data related to river and river basin. Though evapo-transpiration, effect of the stream-aquifer interaction, effects of other hydrologic processes such as interception and depression storage are altogether ignored for analysis (Ramà ­rez, 2000), other parameters should be appropriately measured for a relevant hydrological analysis. Appropriate topographical data for watercourse such as information on structures, water drainage routes, potential blockages / obstructions to drainage is necessary for considering the effects of various factors on river flow. Catchment shape and gradient: It determines the time taken by rain water to route in to river. A clear ‘V’ shaped catchment with sharp gradient gives flash floods and a steeper

The Role of the United Nations in Conflict Management During the Cold Research Proposal

The Role of the United Nations in Conflict Management During the Cold War Era - Research Proposal Example As the war progressed, it became reorganized and other countries joined resulting in a military that was made up of seventy million personnel who were drawn from different warring countries. Stevenson (2004) noted that this war was referred to as the first deadliest war in history and it resulted in the death of 9 million people. The second major World War to have occurred in the World’s history is the Second World War that took place between the periods of 1939 to 1945, and it involved two opposing alliances namely the Axis and the Allies, which comprised of over thirty different countries. This Second World War ended with the highest number of fatalities who were placed in the range of fifty to eighty-five million people and it was caused by more or less the same factors that also caused the Second World War. McMahon wrote that after the Second World War, there was great tension primarily between the Soviet Union and the United States, which lasted between the periods of 1947 to 1991. This war was characterized by high levels of tension between the two conflicting sides and there was also mutual suspicion among the two enemies. According to Friedman, the United States, and the Soviet Union, which at that time were regarded as the World’s superpowers were engaged in the Cold War mainly because of economic and political difference between the two countries, as the US was pro-democracy while the Soviet Union was pro-communism. This present research study will focus on the Cold War, which is referred to as â€Å"cold† because of the fact that there were no incidences of large-scale fighting. In particular, this research study will seek to investigate the role that the United Nations played in managing the conflict that was associated with the Cold War considering that it was simply formed after the Second World War on 24th October 1945 to foster international co-operation.

Sources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sources - Essay Example We live in a society, in which sons and daughters are treated very differently, pink is considered feminine and blue is considered an ideal color for boys. Boys are given much more freedom than girls; this is often fought against by the mothers. Boys make their own groups when they reach infancy, such groups operate independently but when girls make such groups they have to be dependent on someone to operate effectively. A girl who displays masculine traits is considered abnormal and a boy who displays feminine traits is considered abnormal, this is very stereotypical thinking and something which must change very soon. Girls are encouraged to play with dolls and boys on the contrary engage in activities which suit their gender. â€Å"While both mothers and fathers contribute to the gender stereotyping of their children, fathers have been found to reinforce gender stereotypes more often than mothers.† (Ruble, 1988) These were some of the socio-cultural and biological factors which affect gender role

Stopping the Sprawl at HP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stopping the Sprawl at HP - Essay Example He is actually pushing for major changes that would result in the scrapping of thousands of smaller projects at the decentralized company to focus on a few corporate wide initiatives as well as scraping off more than 700 isolated databases. These would then be merged into one company data ware house that would effectively alter the structure of the company and its operations. In fact, all the company information would be processed from one system which would be more efficient. The makeover would have more positive impact than any other HP advertising campaign. If successful, this would reduce HP’s annual spending on technology by about half. It will give impetus on HP especially on how to capitalize on its vast product breadth where the company has been operating like a large conglomerate of separate companies instead of one entity. In brief he is trying to integrate all the information about HP into one big single entity that would make it relatively easy to measure performance. However, all these initiatives would have an impact especially on structure of HP. The $1 billion data warehouse initiative would see the possible laying off of thousands of workers as the improved system would be manageable by few people from centralised control points. Indeed this would improve efficiency and accuracy of data but the company structure would require less staff. Basically, from the outlined endeavors above, Mott is trying to make IT take root in the company’s culture which has been resistant to technological changes such as centralised control. The ultimate purpose is to make sure that all HP’s businesses are working from one set of data that would make it easy to monitor and check progress as well as making fast, informed decisions. 2. The culture of HP has been firmly embedded in their traditional way of doing things such as operating from decentralized operating

HRD Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HRD - Case Study Example s in which the acquired companies used when going into market but also rethinking how various business parts could be integrated on a global perspective. Specifically, Mr. Grunewald required finishing market research so that the organization can acquire adequate information prior to entering the market, simplifying the existing production design, rationalizing the distribution channels, and most importantly overcoming regional differences. The company’s recent improvements were the result of a commitment that was met. This involved a four-part strategy that concentrated the organization’s resources as well as energies on a clear set of objectives. These objectives incorporated building the organization’s core profitability, strengthening its management, broadening the returns, and improving returns on equity. Through application of such managerial aspects, the organization’s direction was reversed from the verge of collapse due to customer dissatisfaction and tarnished reputation to a global power surpassing most of its previous performance records. The organization’s current performance is being driven by several factors. First, the urge to re-establish its reputation and its market share in the global perspective is pushing the organization to shift the mode of thinking from the local perspective to global. Second, competition in most segments of the local market has also pushed the organization to improve its practices and focus on bigger and broader opportunities in the global arena. Black & Decker has taken the issue of competition seriously to the point that it has even reverse engineered some of the competitor’s products to manufacture better products with respect to technology and security. One of the strengths include that the proposal had accounted for the major aspects that would be essential to establish the organization in the projected markets. The proposal had catered for communication among the branches and established an idea of the

Vulnerable Population Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Vulnerable Population - Essay Example Shi and Stevens (2005) offer five reasons to focus national attention on vulnerable populations: these groups have greater health care needs; their prevalence continues to escalate; vulnerability is a societal issue; vulnerability and the nation’s health and resources are interrelated; and there is a growing emphasis on equality with respect to health. This is reflected in the demographic characteristics of the gay men. Although based on opportunistic samples, gay men have higher suicidal ideations, suicide attempts, and completed suicides. Lifetime prevalence rates of 24% to 41% suicidal ideations have been reported. The lifetime prevalence rates of serious suicidal attempts range from 7% to 20% among adult gay men. It has recently been found that 19.3% of men having sex with men would attempt suicide. It has also been found that there are higher rates of reported suicidal thoughts and attempts among adolescents reporting same-sex romantic attractions and romantic relationshi ps. There are considerable social and cultural stressors in these people, which include stigmatization, victimization, and pervasive antigay hostility. The stresses related to antigay victimization may provoke emotional distress that can have both proximal and distal relationship to suicidality. These victimizations may be related to low self-esteem, substance abuse, and subsequent mood disorders that increase their lifetime vulnerability to suicide. Health care disparity is inversely proportional to health status.... Active partnerships between nurses and their intended intervention recipients can be used effectively to plan, implement, and evaluate research and intervention programs that truly address health care and education needs as perceived by the community. Such partnerships need to foster mutual commitment, trust, and respect. Equitable distributions of goal-setting and decision-making power evolve through shared responsibilities and mutual learning among partners. Nurses should move to the forefront in the important research needed to design and implement effective interventions with vulnerable populations capitalizing on their strengths to increase their resources, reduce their risks, and improve their health status with more equitable, quality health care. In this assignment, these issues from the context of gay people and their health care needs will be examined, where a conceptual framework will be utilized to examine the necessities and utilities of interventions designed to that en d. The basic problems with the gay people are lack of recognition or acceptance by healthcare providers, homophobic attitudes, and an absence of awareness regarding the healthcare needs of this vulnerable population. They themselves experience lack of self-esteem, school truancy and drop out, runaway behaviour, and subsequent homelessness. Compounded to this, there is an enhanced incidence of drug and alcohol, abuse, prostitution and sexually transmitted diseases, depression, and suicide. Advanced practice nurses have the opportunity to improve the health of the gay youths through recognition, education, outreach, and advocacy. Shi and Stevens (2005) offer five reasons to focus national attention on

Professional Weight Trainer Essay Example for Free

Professional Weight Trainer Essay Primarily, to be a professional weight trainer, one must be equipped with the proper characteristic needed for the profession, one must also be knowledgeable of the important facts that a professional weight trainer should know. Therefore, it is not just about being a muscle man but also about having brains right enough to teach their trainees. A professional weight trainer must be skilled with the body system. They must know how the various muscles in the body work; must also be knowledgeable with the various bodybuilding techniques. They must also be fully familiar with the facts on diet and nutrition before they set about of becoming a professional weight trainer.   A good professional body builder should recommend to their trainees depending on their age to do some test as a general check-up before starting on the regime. This is very important to see if the trainee has some cardiovascular disorders, which disqualifies them to proceed with the training (Erstad Family Medicine). Moreover, a professional weight trainer must consider not only the general health of the trainee as previously mentioned but also the resistance of the trainee to exercise and the science of the muscular system of the body during the physical work out. The knowledge of teaching the methodologies of basic training is also important for trainers to possess. Finally, patience and perseverance is what it takes to be a professional weight trainer. It takes a lot of patience especially when the trainee has not met its progress; perseverance is always a virtue. The following is an outline of the things that a professional weight trainer needs to  consider: An outline on what it takes to be a Professional Weight Trainer: I. Education on how the body functions A. The muscle structure and function II. Diet and Nutrition A. Importance of Water III. General Health Consideration IV. Proper Values A. Patience and Perseverance I. Education on how the body functions A. The muscle structure and function Our bodies all have different percent and numbers of muscle fiber types and motor units. It is important that trainers know that the three classification of fiber types and motor units function differently: 1). the ‘red slow twitch’ fibers that have substantial energy storage while possessing little in the way of strength; 2). the ‘red fast twitch’ fibers possessing an equal measure of both energy and strength; 3). are ‘white fast twitch’ fibers possessing substantial strength while maintaining little in the way of energy storage (Anderson How to build muscle base on your body type). They may have similar structures but these fiber types occur in varying proportion from individual to individual through genetic predisposition. Therefore, if an individual possess a greater percentage of one of the fiber types will be more inclined to excel in activities, which require strength and endurance. For example, those having more white fast twitch fibers will likely experience greater success in achieving size and strength increase while those individuals with more red fast twitch fibers will likely perform best in incremental events requiring some degree or combination of strength muscle endurance. Moreover, those having more red slow twitch fibers will likely perform best in events demanding muscular and aerobic endurance (Anderson How to build muscle base on your body type). II. Diet and Nutrition If the client is on a high protein diets, large quantities of water must be consumed in to remove ammonia and urea toxins. Dieters are urged to drink a gallon of water or more per day to pass urea and in order to avoid dehydration, constipation, and abnormal heart rhythms. According to the American Kidney Foundation, high protein diets can cause kidney scarring, because of the extra waste that has to be processed. Furthermore, according to the American Heart Association, the diet should be15 to 20 percent protein and only 10 percent of all fats from saturated sources ( Kelly 15). A. Importance of Water Water maintains body temperature and let 50% of all chemical reactions to happen in the body. It is also responsible for the movement of nutrients, digestion, absorption, circulation, and the excretion of wastes.   Body temperature and heart rate increase during periods of dehydration. You can easily reduce all of these potential health threats by simply getting into the habit of drinking more water, at least 8 to 10 glasses daily (Kelly 25). What makes us thirsty then? Sodium is responsible for fluid retention and holds the key to why we thirst. When fluids are lost and sodium remains, there is a steady increase in the concentrations of sodium in the blood. When the concentration reaches a certain level, the thirst centers in the brain are signaled to create the sensation of thirst. Upon the ingestion of additional fluids, the sodium concentration is reduced down to acceptable levels shutting down the thirst center in the brain (Darcy 150). III. General Health Consideration The overall all health condition of the client must be first assessed to avoid any further complication. A general check-up with a doctor is needed to see if the client is suffering from a cardiovascular disorder, which if not detected may lead to serious health risks. It must the prerogative of the trainer to know the age of the client that he will be training for him to assess which kind program is appropriate for that particular age. It will then be also beneficial to the client because the chosen program will be right for him and he will not have a hard time reaching his weight goals (Klein Little Big Men). A trainer must aware of the two main categories resistance exercise routines. Resistance routines that are considered a circuit or a split, and routines that are goal oriented. The term â€Å"circuit† means that all major muscle groups are being worked during a single exercise session, with this pattern repeating itself some number of times. Therefore, the choice of the type of exercise that constitutes circuit is discretionary, as long as the circuit requirement of total musculature involvement is met (Kelly 50). IV. Proper Values Most importantly, a professional weight trainer must possess good values like patience and perseverance in teaching their clients the methods of weight training. It is a very important factor especially when dealing with very demanding clients. In times when the clients do not meet the progress, they expect from the training. It could be a very hard time for them pushing their bodies to work for them. The professional weight trainers must therefore, observe the proper discipline order that their clients will be able to follow as a good example including the virtue of patience and perseverance must be taught to them. Conclusion Being a personal fitness trainer takes a lot of discipline and proper knowledge. It is really quite simple but very challenging. Their career means freedom. They are free to choose the number of clients they want to work with. In this case, they are able to individualized attention they need; they choose your work schedule so they can balance life commitments with work; and they choose their place of employment, whether it is at health clubs, spa resorts, medical facilities or with sports teams (MacDougall 30). Improving their health and body is also part of their job. Nevertheless, the most important thing better than improving their own quality of life is improving someone elses quality of life, helping their clients lose weight, build strength, gain confidence and improve their overall health is the greatest satisfaction. This job is also available in step aerobics, sports conditioning, kickboxing, boot camps, intensive abs and a number of other classes that add variety to my life as a personal fitness trainer. Therefore, in this type of career, there are unlimited growths of opportunities because of growing health concerns nowadays. This profession is in high demand. They are the boss of their own company (MacDougall 30). Since, they are all too familiar with the benefits of exercise they could promote regular participation in a fitness routine that involves elevation of the heart rate and strengthening and toning the muscles. Another benefit of becoming a professional weight trainer is the flexible schedule!   Whether they decide to be their own boss and start their own business or go to work for an existing gym. This gives them a great deal of flexibility, allowing them to work their schedule around family, friends or hobbies.

Ethnic literature Essay Example for Free

Ethnic literature Essay The definition of ethnic literature â€Å"is literature like any other, except that it contains ethnic references. † (Reilly p. 2). Another definition of ethnic literature is when there is a literature work that contain religious beliefs, racial issues, linguistics, or cultural heritage. In another word, ethnic literature is the literary work that includes particular culture, beliefs, or linguistics distinction. Postcolonial literary theory draws attention in the issue of cultural difference emerging in the society. One of the issues which may often appear during the class discussion is hybridity. It seems that people who have been faced by the fact that they are living in a ‘hybrid world’ tend to be confused by their real status. They realize for their interest, but they can not avoid the possibility becoming ‘in between’. Although , they are included into one part, the native part, but on the other hand they can not deny the deep feeling to be pleasant considering themselves different with the other. There is a kind of more value they have compared with their surround, and they think it is worthy to be kept. Of course, this feeling comes into their mind by some reasons. There must be an additional value added into their original culture. The additional value may be in the form of a new ideology, belief or view which are brought by the dominating. The dominated rarely conscious with the impact. They usually only feel that it is a natural process which become the impact of daily social interaction they are engaged in. Another issue which emerges in postcolonial discussion is about dominated-dominating one. We can not expect who actually take the role as ‘dominating’ or ‘dominated’. The practice may turn over, the dominated may become the dominating in the same time toward different object, vice versa. We are also introduced by ‘Otherness’ theory. It makes someone consider that she or he are different from the other, and other people is not the same with her or him. Gadis Tangsi tells a story about a girl life, namely Teyi. She is a Javanese girl who grew up in the Javanese tradition. She lives with his parents and sibling in tangsi area. She was taught to become an obedient girl by her mother with many limitations as a girl. She helps her mother to sell fried bananas every day. Teyi finds herself limited by some rules which are considered as the right rules for her mother. She even does not know how ‘love’ or how to be ‘loved’ by a man. She was taught to be a polite woman. She finally finds who she is when she is introduced to Putri Parasi by Ndara Tuan Kapten Sarjubehi who has helped her. That is the beginning of her new experience to recognize a new world, the world that she has never imagined before. Putri Parasi teaches her everything to be ‘a good lady’. Putri Parasi likes Teyi for her politeness. She more likes Teyi after being saved when her disease comes immediately. Putri Parasi expects to teach her how to behave well. She even teaches Teyi to speak Dutch. Teyi starts to be able to read and write. Putri Parasi really wants to prepare her to be taken to Surakarta Keraton and introduced her to a man who will be married with her. She plans to make Teyi deserve to have a husband from Keraton families. In the novel Gadis Tangsi written by Suparto Brata, we can see some unexpected phenomenon occur. It makes me realize that actually there are still many things covered even by what Javanese people considered as ‘budaya adiluhung’. The word ‘politeness’, ‘hospitality’ and ‘dignity’ which come into people mind when they heard about Javanese culture become blur after they read this novel. Javanese woman who is considered as an obedient woman and become a mercy for whom takes her as a wife may be surprised by what Suparto tells about Teyi and Dumilah. He brings them in this novel as representative of Javanese woman character, in different point of view. However, the story about them, for me, is far from the stereotype of common Javanese women (may be just a few). The feeling of ‘in between’ seem to be experienced by Teyi. She starts to know about how the way the higher status people behave since she meets Putri Parasi. Teyi realizes that her life style is quite different from her, and she is glad when she knows that Putri Parasi does not mind introducing this new culture to her. From this intentional interaction, after she is taught how to behave like ‘putri bangsawan’, Teyi starts to consider she has a chance to be the same with them. Even she lives with her parents, she starts to consider that she is better than them. She has been raised from the lower part. She has more power than the people in the house. The very obvious impact of this teaching actually appears when Teyi has been left by Putri Parasi. After she passed away, Teyi become independent from the influence of Putri Parasi. Although, there are still some traces of her teaching inside Teyi which reflect in the way she behaves. She seems take the dominating position over her husband, Sapardal. Sapardal feeling about his lower position when they have been married becomes the cause of the divorce. Only two days of marriage, and Teyi considers that she has a right to sue divorce, while Sapardal can only keep silent without any comment. In this relationship, Sapardal as a man who actually considered as ‘the dominating’ take the role as ‘the dominated’. He does not feel on the same level with Teyi. He admits that he has no power compared to Teyi. He even has no courage to touch her in their first night of marriage. Here, we can see the role between man and woman has shifted. Brata seems to show us that the role of people in the society is like running on the moving wheel. The dominating and dominated are only a symbol of someone position, which also can be shifted based on where we are standing. Sapardal may fail in maintaining his position as superior in front of Teyi. The cultural change also appears in this novel. Sexual intercourse is not considered as a sacral any longer for almost all the women in this novel. During my reading, I wonder if I read Indonesian culture literary work, especially belong to Javanese one. However, Brata wrote the novel using the Indonesian condition in the past, in the colonial occupation. In this situation, it is not easy to determine which one who still hold the original value since the influence of other ideology come into the life in that simple way. The force of a new ideology input is not directly felt in this novel. The indigenous people enjoy the acculturation between the dominated and the dominating. It also happens in the shifting of the way they see sexual intercourse actually is. What we call as a taboo becomes commonly conducted by the people. Teyi is defined as a free woman, even she has been married and becomes a wife of Sapardal, and she breaks the rule by having intercourse with Ndara Tuan Kapten Sarjubehi. It seems that she wants to take a revenge to Dumilah who is considered had cheated her by having romantic affair with her master. Sapardal can not do anything. He has failed to become a good husband. This thinking is from his own side. When we look at this phenomenon, again, Teyi proves that she has had a power over a man from her own society. She starts to have a right to consider a man like Sapardal is not at the same level with her. However, in my opinion it will not happen if Sapardal never has the way of thinking. Actually, he has thought that she is great and different from the other woman in his environment before they are married. That makes he has no courage to touch her at their first night. It also makes Teyi feels not being regarding or respecting as a wife. She thinks that Sapardal has no desire toward her, and she thinks that it is better to ask divorce. What a short way of thinking! I found that Teyi has put a wrong way of thinking about what Putri Parasi had taught to her. It seems that she does not consider marriage as a sacral relationship any longer. ‘Love’ relationship has been considered as a ‘real’ relationship when we have passion to have sex with our couple. Is that so simple? That is the way Teyi think about love basically. It is shown also when she does not mind to have sex with her ex-master, Ndara Tuan Kapten Sarjubehi, and then she starts to love someone else, Ndara Mas Kus. There is no any guilty feeling. Finally, we can conclude that there are three aspect of postcolonial reading for Gadis Tangsi has been discussed above. First, hybridity appears when Teyi finds herself has involved and being a part of Putri Parasi’s society, Keraton environment since she has been able to behave and speak like her, so she considers that she is a part of Putri community. While she has that feeling, she still can not avoid other people consideration about her who is only becoming a servant and will not become like them. Second, dominating feeling toward Sapardal comes into her mind. There is dominating-dominated in shifting model between them. It seems a denial for a man who usually considered as the dominating one, while Teyi proves that it can be shifted. Last, ‘Otherness’ theory also emerges in this novel. After having taught to have attitude and behave like Putri Parasi model, Teyi finally considers herself different with other woman in her society. It appears in the way she treats Dumilah who is her old friend. She thinks that Dumilah has no right to become ‘a munci’ of Ndara Tuan Kapten Sarjubehi because she is not at the same level with her or Ndara. Reference Ashcroft, Bill, et. al. 1946. The Empire Writes Back. London : Routledge Barry, Peter. 1824. Beginning Theory. Manchester : Manchester University Press Brata, Suparto. 2004. Gadis Tangsi. Jakarta : Kompas Reilly, John. 1978. Critical Approaches to Ethnic Literature. London : Oxford University Press

Religious Views On Abortion Religion Essay

Religious Views On Abortion Religion Essay Abortion is defined in different ways by different people; the medical dictionary defines abortion as a premature exit of the product of conception from the uterus. It is the loss of pregnancy (MedicineNet.com, 1998).Religion is a key factor in the control of morality in the society today; in examining the concept of abortion and the perspective of the religion on abortion one must find how the different religions in the society influence this concept. Within the various religious circles, it is argued and continuously debated whether a fetus is a living being. The main argument is on when or at what stage does the state and religion consider a fetus to be a living being. Some religions argue against the state with the point that a fetus is not a living person. The arguments on the morality of abortion are often based on the religious beliefs. On the grounds of religion, each religious belief has its views on the concept of abortion, In Christianity abortion is considered a bad omen, an evil practice and non-acceptable by God, the Roman Catholic Church teaches that abortion is wrong and any member of the church found involved in the practice can be excommunicated from the church. The Jehovah witness also do share the common belief with the catholic that abortion is wrong, it is concluded that in most Christian denominations, abortion is highly prohibited and at no time accepted in the churches. Like other fellow Christian communities, the protestant churches does not allow abortion, in the Northern Ireland the catholics as well as protestants have come together to oppose the concept of abortion, this does not imply that all the Christians denominations against the act and concept abortion (SPUC,2010). Some of the Christian denominations are pro abortion and believe that abortion can help save lives if carefully carried out with the help of doctors and professionals in the field of medicine such as in the Baptists and Methodists churches. In these cases, a woman was not disgraced after having an abortion unless she went against the advice of a professional. The consistency of the Catholic Church against the abortion has raised questions; however this question was answered by catholic theorist James McCarthy. His argument was based on whether the life of a child begin ate the point of conception or not. It is however clear that there has been no clear church teaching on this matter, there has been lots of argument at what point does a fetus become a human being. Others argue that a person is more than just the biological parts, and believes that a living person has more advance characteristics that a fetus do not posses, like the ability to think and make relationships with other people (McCarthy,1996). The pro -life proponents also argue that the ability of a fetus to exist independently defines it as a person, there argument is based on the right to life and they believe that the fetus can live given time and good environment just like any other human beings. It is however realistic that the Catholics will still view abortion evil no matter what argument are brought forward (Dombrowski, 2000). From this argument we can easily conclude that the Catholics has viewed and will always view abortion as evil regardless of any positive contribution it has in the society; it is also not clear whether they view fetus as a living human being. It therefore raises questions as to why the Catholics carry out fetal baptisms, which were practiced early 1700s. The contradiction is clearly evident, the McCarthy claims that a fetus is not a human being and the early church carried out fatal baptism (McCarthy,1996).From this argument it is evident that most of the religious belief and concept on abortion is based on the human life, and the point at which it is considered to begin. Hinduism view In the Hinduism faith, abortion is considered evil; however some of the Hindus texts prove abortion to be a necessary evil, since it save lives. The Hindu scripture reference the act of abortion as gorha-batta meaning womb killing, the abortionist is referenced as the greatest sinner in the society as described by Atharva Veda. It is therefore clear that in the Hindus faith abortion is an abormination. The Vedas does not show when life begins or whether a fetus is a living being but it is clear that abortion is a sinful activity.This is as outlined in the part of the Aryan scriptures is in the Vedas which states; Whpe off, O Pushan [Lord], the sins of him that practiseth abortion. (Sacred Books of the East). Another compelling evidence that abortion is unacceptable in the Hindu religion is contained in the books of Chandrasekhar (1974) in which he pointed out that induced abortion, which he referred to as bhrunahatya (foetus murder) is a sin. He pointed out that according to Vishnu Smriti (c. 100 B.C. to 100 A.D.) ,the act of abortion which is the destruction an embryo can be considered as the killing of a holy person (Chandrasekhar,1974) Christian view The concept of abortion in the Jewish law is not as strict as the Christian way; the Jewish legal authorities have not established principles by which to determine the morality and validity of abortion in the society. The issue is complex and always refers back to the bible. The Bible on the other hand has a lot to say regarding the concept of abortion, the Biblical arguments indicated that the unborn child is a human being and constitutes Gods creation. God came up with three creations. The conceived life on the conception of God is a living, after conception the result is referred to as the child in the likeness of God, as per the Bible the infant, child, son or daughter refer to the same thing since they are all creation of God. Other phrases of the Bible indicates that when men fight and one of them hit a woman who is expecting with the result of a miscarriage, the responsible person will be charged based on the womans husband judgment, but if other issues occur, the penalty will be life for life (Bible Exodus 21:22). Life for life indicate the miscarriage is the loss of life, the life loss as a result of miscarriage is equivalent to the life of the responsible person. It is therefore concluded that the stands of the Bible on the miscarriage or abortion is defined clearly, in loss of life through abortion is equivalent to the life lost for an existing human being. It is however not easy to simplify what the Bible state concerning abortion, several scholars has indicated that it is not easy to determine the real knowledge on the matters relating to abortion. Most of the Christians however, are just told that abortion is prohibited and not allowed in the society. This concept just simplifies what is hard to comprehend in our society. It has become a matter of doing what God requires from his disciples, no matter what the consequences are to the living and the unborn; the final judgment is however the Almighty God. (Ward,1978). In summary it is evident that the Bible controls most of the judgment in the Christian faith concerning abortion. This is however only true if the decision is in congruence with Gods demands as outlined in the Holy Bible Buddhism view Buddhism on the other hand has a more relaxed approach to abortion. This is evident in the Buddhas way of life, as it tries to get away from making finalization and judgment on matters. Buddha advised his followers not to accept or believe in any teaching from other religions not even Buddha himself. His emphasis was to investigate the teaching on how abortion is viewed from the people themselves and the society of the Buddhist. If an individual within oneself finds a teaching to be true, then he should practice the teaching, but not trust any teaching by simply trusting them. Buddha first percepts state I will not harm any living creature this does not only apply to the human being community but to all animals, once a fetus is alive the Buddhism faith protest not to harm the fetus and protect the fetus. The Buddhist approach to ethical and social issues relating to abortion is based on the concept on compassion. The concept of compassion is important to the Buddhist than any other doctrines r laws set by the land. It is therefore important on any judgment as to whether abortion is good or evil in the land of the Buddhist one should bring in light the concept of compassion to the fetus before any argument is made. Most Buddhist feel that in relation to the concept of compassion abortion is wrong, and regrettable, it is viewed as the act of depriving the unborn the compassionate right to live, however the compassion should be both to the fetus and the mother, it may be to a level where the compassionate on the fetus may deprive the mother the right to life. In this case Buddha then indicates that you do what I feel is right, such circumstances are allowed so that each individual arrive at the right conclusion and not judgmental. In conclusion, reviews of literature from various Buddhist ethicists do bear a universal consensus that education is the best policy in tackling abortion. In this light, they advocate birth control as well as encouraging the use of contraceptives (Tsomo,1998) Discussions This research however makes me to misunderstand the result of engaging in abortion, it relays that if a woman from the Buddhist faith engages in the act of abortion, she should be comforted with compassion rather than judgment and punishment.These religious have had their share of impact in different societies, and they have brought different views on the concept of abortion example, most of the United States population claims to be Catholic (Dombrowski, 2000); however there is no religion that stick to there rules and doctrines. It would be hard to say that religious factors are insignificant considering Roman Catholicism is the leading opponent of abortion (Abernethy, 1994). Hindus had been very firm and so many people. The Catholics have always been strict and against the act, but it is evident that most of the faithful indulge in such activities and the church assume not to know as a result of not losing the faithful. The religion has therefore left us in the dark whether abortio n is good or not allowed within the church. It therefore calls for a personal judgment and that why this question, Is abortion Right? Is an open ended question that can be answered based on the individual judgment and not religious grounds and the doctrines of the church. Conclusions On my opinion the concept of compassion brought in the Buddhist faith, is more appealing, however abortion should be carried out with the assistant of a health professional, and only when it is dangerous to either the mother or the child. The mother side should be given precedence since she is a living being in existence as to the un-born as believed by the Buddhist. It is therefore depended on individual judgment whether to carry out abortion or not. The Buddhist vie of abortion is more liberal this is because it leaves the decision to the person who engages in the act to a large extent. The contemporary society is fuelled largely by the freedom of personal choice and technology. These doctrines seem to be well illustrated in the Buddhist view of abortion. To support my choice for Buddhist way of handling the abortion issue, I present the general universal consensus that the various Buddhist ethicists have advanced. In fact their approach to abortion has been considered by other sch olars and organizations as being the best as pointed out by SPUC (2010). Tsomo (1998) further points out that Buddhists do recognize the level of incongruity that exists in the ethical theory of abortion as well as in the actual practice of the abortion. They however do not in any way condone the inappropriate, meaningless and taking of life. They therefore use their views of morality of abortion to advocate for a universal understanding as well as the expression of compassion towards all forms of living things. Their views are nonjudgmental while respecting both the rights as well as the freedom of all human beings in the making of their own choices.

South Wales in the 1930s :: Papers

South Wales in the 1930s 1. Sources 1 and 2 give many reasons for poverty in South Wales in the 1930s, Unemployment however being the most significant as it was the cause of almost all the poverty in South Wales at this time there were a number of causes for unemployment listed in source 1 such as:- Ã…Â ¸ The collapse of the post-war economic boom Ã…Â ¸ Increased competition from abroad Ã…Â ¸ The General strike Ã…Â ¸ The decline in the mining and steel industries Ã…Â ¸ The great depression All of these factors caused mass unemployment in South Wales in the 1930s almost to the point where nearly three quarters of the population in South Wales were unemployed. Source 2 indicates that all hope had left the unemployed and their want to find work may have almost deteriorated from constant rejection causing possibly their want to keep a decent standard of living to slowly decline into poverty. 2. Poverty affected the people of Wales in many different ways, Source three indicates that it had a dramatic change in peoples political views, it depicts a miners hunger march to Bristol in 1931, the marchers are shown to be carrying a banner bearing the communist hammer and sickle with the words "struggle or starve" written on in this is also an acronym for sos. Although the miners are on a hunger march to show the poverty in south Wales we notice they are well dressed this is because the miners were a proud people, they did not want to beg the government they just wanted to show that they were starving and that they needed work and help to get back on their feet for themselves. There is almost a sort of irony in this picture as these miners are photographed marching past food signs, perhaps the photographer was trying to depict the ignorance of the rest of the country to the miners predicament. Source four describes the anger over the "Means Test" and a protest about this privacy invasion.

The Rise of Social Isolation in America is a Chief Factor in the Prolif

The Rise of Social Isolation in America is a Chief Factor in the Proliferation and Continuation of Suburban Sprawl At the very backbone of the body of reasons for which sprawl has accelerated so much in recent decades is the changing social culture in America. One must remember that sprawl is all about people, and one of the greatest factors that drive the trends of their behavior is culture. It is true that there are many other factors (I.E. economic) at play in the manifestation of sprawl, but the factor of culture is what lies at the very core of the entire issue. This core is the argument that Americans have gradually moved toward a socially and individually isolated culture. Essentially, the American community has become more disjointed and impermanent, creating an atmosphere in which living in a more dense population has become undesirable. To best understand how culture has changed, one must take into account the way it once was and what circumstances helped to alter it. Traditionally, living in the United States had comprised of a much more community-oriented culture. (Kingdon) This was especially true in the days before the automobile (and the railroad to a small extent) when communities were more isolated from mass movement, migration, and displacement of its denizens. Before the Baby Boom and especially before the Industrial Revolution, the American landscape, even on the east coast, was comprised of primarily isolated village communities and distinct urban centers. Travel and economic factors (economies were more localized then) created an environment where it was quite easy and possible for an individual to grow up, live and work, marry, and die in their hometown community. Hence, since people were more lik... ... so on, and so on. People will be more willing and capable of living in denser, more efficient environments only when the underlying culture that sustains sprawl is altered. The sense of the American community needs to be re-established if there is to be any real progress in the battle against sprawl. The REAL problem here then, is that changing the culture of a state, of a nation, is a very long and difficult undertaking†¦ Works Consulted Kristin Gotts, et al (no date) Better Together Saguaro Seminar on Civic Engineering in America; John F. Kennedy School of Government, Caimbridge MA Puntam, Robert D. (1995) Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community Simon & Schuster ISBN: 0684832836 Kingdon, John W. (1999) America the Unusual Bedford/ St, Martins Boston, MA Lowi, et al. (2001) We the People W.W. Norton and Company, NY, NY

Regionalism Essay -- Population, Suburbs

Our cities are not what they used to be. Over the corse of fifty years the once proud, strong, and viable hubs of American economic prowess are but a shell of what they were built for. The problems that many cities have are no longer condensed to their city limits and the sprawl that was created over that fifty year period is now threatening to enter the suburban spaces that were created when the city’s citizens left. The metro sprawl is starting to loose it’s attractiveness and unless there is more acknowledgment of the problems creeping out of these cities, the same declining trends will create unoccupied commercial and residential districts not unlike the downtowns of many American cities. Without careful discussion about these trends and our communities embracement of a more regional approach, then there will be more problems in less dense suburban areas, making those problems hard to correct. In order to prevent the spread of this urban blight and avoid low occupa ncy rates, communities must implement regional tax policies, plan for more effective use of space, and encourage smart growth. Regionalism is the act of looking at a populated area not as individual localities or municipalities, but as something greater. Instead of approaching our revitalization efforts to one area, the problems should be addressed regionally. This has been an ongoing topic of debate since the suburban sprawl that created communities outside of our cities first started. In fact, it has been somewhat over shadowed by the rising popularity of city revitalization efforts through public private efforts of development. City renaissance is only a small piece of what regionalism is about. Charles Clark, writer of the CQ Researcher article â€Å"Revitalizing ... ...he city have grown far larger than anyone would have imagined. It is not just an urban area that has its own concentrated problems, those problems are now directly involved with it’s suburban parters. The sooner this is realized, the sooner Americans can get to work to grow their areas smartly and soundly. The sooner communities share the revenue that is generated through non resident communal traffic, the sooner they can directly take stake in the all their regions can create and offer. The sooner that space is used effectively within their existing boundaries, the sooner communities can function as a greater neighborhood. As the cities continue to rise, so too will they continue to expand. The only way to make this function work for the good of all who share its amenities, is to implement regionalism into our governing policies.

Bully Essay

Bullying Everyday thousands of teens wake up afraid to go to school because of the fear of being bullied. Bullying is an ongoing problem that affects millions of students negatively on a daily basis. Most people don’t realize how big of an impact bullying has on our society. There are many reason and effects of bullying. Although the reasons people bully others vary, there are many common factors seen in bullying situations. One of the main issues we see in bullies is that they have family issues such as  parents fighting or money issuesChildren who are bullied have many negative effects. But the victims aren’t the only ones who are affected. Bullying also affects those who bully, and those who witness bullying. Kids who are bullied are more likely to experience effects such as  depression and anxiety, Health complaints, and    Decreased academic achievement. Not only are the victims effects negatively affected but so are to bullies themselves. Kids who bully othe rs can also engage in violent and other risky behaviors into adulthood. Bullying can happen anywhere from cities, schools, or at home.Why do young people bully each other? I think bullies can change because they are not born that way. I think that if they are treated better and respected more they can change. Most bullies bully others because they are treated badly or they have been bullied before by peers, family members or in school. I have a friend that used to bully others, but I told him to stop because I know he wouldn’t like to be bullied. I kind of treated him like he treated others so he can feel what it feels like to be bullied.I guess you could say I was bullying him, but it was to help others and himself because he could have done something worst than bullying. It could have led to a bigger thing like him bringing a knife, gun, or a lethal weapon. If you care about someone you should help them change so they won’t end up regretting their whole life. Teacher s see bullying happening in classrooms and on the field, but they still don’t do anything. â€Å"1 in 4 teachers see nothing wrong with bullying and will only intervene 4% percent of the time. â€Å"The most common reason cited for being harassed is a student's appearance or body size. 2 out of 5 teens feel that they are bullied because of the way that they look. † Sanchez 2 Professional have asked students how do they feel and why do they think bullies bully others and that what they answer. Some bullies bully because they don’t feel like they fit in with the others. I think all this can be changed and we could all help out the ones that feel left out. If we were all to help out everyone that feels left out, we would see a better school.I see students that bully others, but no one is brave enough to stand up and say something not even the victim. Some take it to serious and end up hurting someone real badly that they will do something they will regret forever. If teachers were to care a little more and actually see what’s going on around they could prevent all this. I think we could all make a change. work cited http://bullyfree. com/free-resources/facts-about-bullying http://www. dosomething. org/tipsandtools/11-facts-about-school-bullying

Identifying the Barriers and Facilitators to Participation in Physical Activity for Children with Down Syndrome

Identifying the barriers and facilitators to participation in physical activity for children with Down syndrome. Images Authors: Barr M; Shields N Author Address: School of Physiotherapy and the Musculoskeletal Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic. , Australia. Source: Journal Of Intellectual Disability Research: JIDR [J Intellect Disabil Res] 2011 Nov; Vol. 55 (11), pp. 1020-33. Date of Electronic Publication: 2011 May 10. Publication Type: Journal Article Language: EnglishJournal Information: Publisher: Blackwell Scientific Publications on behalf of the Royal Society for Mentally Handicapped Children and Adults : Oxford, UK Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9206090 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1365-2788 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09642633 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Intellect Disabil Res Subsets: MEDLINE MeSH Terms: Physical Education and Training* Sports*/psychology Down Syndrome/*physiopathology Down Syndrome/*rehabilitationMo tor Activity/*physiology Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Child, Preschool ; Disability Evaluation ; Down Syndrome/psychology ; Family Health ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Motivation ; Parents/psychology ; Qualitative Research ; Victoria Abstract: Background: Many children with Down syndrome do not undertake the recommended amount of daily physical activity. The aim of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators to physical activity for this group.Methods: Eighteen in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 parents (16 mothers, 4 fathers) of children with Down syndrome aged between 2 and 17 years to examine what factors facilitate physical activity and what factors are barriers to activity for their children. The participants were recruited through a community disability organisation that advocates for people with Down syndrome and their families. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and independently coded and analysed by two researchers using th ematic analysis.Results: Four themes on facilitators of physical activity were identified: (1) the positive role of the family; (2) opportunity for social interaction with peers; (3) structured accessible programmes that make adaptations for children with Down syndrome; and (4) children who were determined to succeed and physically skilled. Four themes on the barriers to physical activity were also identified: (1) characteristics commonly associated with Down syndrome; (2) competing family responsibilities; (3) reduced physical or behavioural skills; and (4) a lack of accessible programmes.Conclusions: The results highlight the important role of families in determining how much physical activity children with Down syndrome undertake and the effect that common characteristics associated with Down syndrome can have on maintaining an active lifestyle. Future research needs to concentrate on successful methods of encouraging physical activity, such as ensuring social interaction is part of the activity, and eliminating barriers to physical activity such as the a lack of appropriate programmes for children with Down syndrome.Implementing these strategies may encourage children with Down syndrome to participate more frequently in a physically active lifestyle. ( (c) 2011 The Authors. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research (c) 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ) Entry Dates: Date Created: 20111024 Date Completed: 20120221 Update Code: 20120221 DOI: 10. 1111/j. 1365-2788. 2011. 01425. x PMID: 21554468 Database: MEDLINE with Full Text Images: Clinical practice. The care of children with Down syndrome. Images Go to all 8 images >> Authors: Weijerman ME; de Winter JP Author Address: Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [email  protected] nl Source: European Journal Of Pediatrics [Eur J Pediatr] 2010 Dec; Vol. 169 (12), pp. 1445-52. Date of Electronic Publication: 2010 Jul 15. Publication Type : Journal Article; Review Language: English Journal Information: Publisher: Springer Verlag : Berlin Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 7603873 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-1076 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03406199 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur. J. Pediatr. Subsets: MEDLINE MeSH Terms: Life Expectancy* Cardiovascular Diseases/*therapyDown Syndrome/*mortality Down Syndrome/*therapy Respiratory Tract Diseases/*therapy Vision Disorders/*therapy Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics ; Caregivers ; Child ; Comorbidity ; Delivery of Health Care/standards ; Down Syndrome/complications ; Down Syndrome/diagnosis ; Down Syndrome/epidemiology ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/epidemiology ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/genetics ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/therapy ; Humans ; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/epidemiology ; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/genetics ; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/therapy ; Parents ;Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards ; Prevalence ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/genetics ; Risk Factors ; Vision Disorders/epidemiology ; Vision Disorders/genetics Abstract: Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities. Because of medical advances and improvements in overall medical care, the median survival of individuals with DS has increased considerably.This longer life expectancy requires giving the necessary care to the individual with DS over their total longer lifespan. DS medical guidelines are designed for the optimal care of the child in whom a diagnosis of DS has been confirmed. We present an overview of the most important issues related to children with DS based on the most relevant literature currently available. Entry Dates: Date Created: 20101025 Date Completed: 20110218 Update Code: 20111122 PubMed Central ID: PMC2962780 PMID: 20632187 Database: MEDLINE with Full Text

Employee voice Essay

‘Employee voice’ suggested by Geoff Armstrong (cited in Armstrong,2001) in the recent issue of Industrial Participation Association (IPA) Bulletin, historically meant collective bargaining, and that this ‘chosen method of joint regulation became a straitjacket inhibiting the very things we needed to be doing to win and keep customers! ’ Win and keep the customers because feedbacks and suggestions came from the employee who deals with the customers every day of their work. Companies are able to get the facts from how the customer complaint about their product and to what satisfies them. The word ‘voice’ was popularized by Freeman and Medoff (cited in Freeman & Medoff, 1984) who argued that it made good sense for both company and workforce to have a ‘voice’ mechanism. This had both a consensual and conflictual image; on the one hand, participation could lead to a beneficial impact on quality and productivity, whilst on the other it could detect problems which otherwise might ‘explode’. Dundon et al (cited in Dundon, 2004;MC Cabe & Lewin, 1992; Wilkinson et al,2004). The four principal strands of the thought or forms of ‘voice’ that are available to employees are: an articulation of individual dissatisfaction; existence of a collective organization; a form of contribution to the management decision-making; and as a form of mutuality in the organization. In the articulation of individual dissatisfaction, the employee aims to address a specific problem or issue with the management that is usually presented in the form of grievance procedure or ‘speak up’ program. An opportunity for employee representatives – union or non-union – to communicate the views of the workforce to managers either through partnership or collective bargaining is the form of collective organization. As a form of contribution to the management decision-making its purpose is concerned with improvements in work organization and efficiency more generally, perhaps through quality circles or team working. It is achieve by a dialogue with employees providing ideas to improve the organizational performance. The last form is the mutuality in organization in delivering long term viability for the organization and its employees, often through joint consultation, collective bargaining and or partnership. In an article by Sharon Shinn (2004,p 18), The Maverick CEO, he asked Ricardo Semler that if business students were reading a case study of Semco what was the valuable lesson they would they take away and he answered that, â€Å"the main lesson is that freedom is a prime driver for performance. † Through my research I believe that all of the employees’ benefits from ‘employee voice’ just revolve around Semlers’ idea. When an employee has the freedom to express himself it empowers him to decide the courses of action that must be done to achieve a certain objective of the company according to his ideals in work and life in general. When one has the freedom to say what for him is wrong or right it gives him the dignity of not only a worker of the company but someone who can make a change and influence people on top for the better future of the company. A sample of the ideal is displayed in Semco where employees can vote to veto new products or new product ventures. At Semco, (cited in Samler, 2004) â€Å"workers approve their own bosses and people only attend meetings if they think the meetings are important. It works because of peoples’ self-interest. Nobody wants to stay in boring meetings or work for bosses they didn’t choose. † Furthermore, â€Å"of course, you can make people come to meetings and look alert, but it’s more difficult to get them to perform what was decided at the meeting. We want people to follow their instincts and to choose as bosses people they respect – even if they don’t like them. This often happens at Semco. † ‘Employee voice’ can be channeled between union and non-union voice. Comparison of benefits between union and non-union voice has been noted. (cited in Freeman and Medoff, 1984) argued that only union forms of voice would result in voice benefits for workers and management. The reasoning behind this argument is that without a union to ensure fair treatment and an equitable distribution of the fruits of success, individuals lack the incentive to pursue public goods. Union voice promotes ‘independence’ unlike direct voice mechanisms’ where its effectiveness is challenged in their capacity to transform the power relations in an organization due to lack of sanctions for non-compliance, collective power and access to independent sources of advice or assistance, non-union voice mechanisms are more susceptible to managerial influence and control (cited in Golan,2009; Terry,199; Wilkinson et al, 2004). On the contrary, non-union or direct voice has been also argued to be superior to union voice for 2 reasons: first, barriers between employers and employees can be disintegrated by dealing directly with employees rather than through an intermediary (cited in Bryson, 2004; Storey, 1992); and second, direct voice allows managers to better respond to the heterogeneous interests of workers (cited in Storey,1992). Another distinct benefit of ‘employee voice’ is evident in the ‘monopoly face’ of unionism, whereby unions seek to restrict the supply of labor to the irm in pursuit of higher wages and benefits. In a general point of view because of the ‘employee voice’ managers give more positive responses to employee needs, greater levels of control over the work process and increased influence over job rewards. In relation with the benefits that can be gained by employees’ through ‘employee voice’ the said firms that practices this kind of system have a lot to gain out of it. One important factor that affects the companies’ profitability is its labor cost. Voice is considered important, in their classic work on US trade Unionism, (cited in Freeman and Medoff, 1984) post it that it is theoretically possible for trade unions to enhance the productivity of firms because they provide voice to workers. They argue that union voice can be productivity-enhancing where voice costs are lower than the costs of dissatisfied workers quitting, and lower quit rates encourage firms to invest in human capital, resulting in a more skilled and productive workforce. In union voice it may also reduce the transaction costs that employees face, for example, by enforcing and monitoring contracts (cited in Booth, 1995; Kaufman, 2004; Kaufman and Levine, 2000). The company of Semco is a great example of this, (cited in Shinn, 2004) Semler and a radical management team completely upended traditional business theory at Semco, doing away with conventional organizational charts while allowing employees more and more freedom to choose what products they would work and how they would produce them. Many employees were eliminated by job reconstruction or left because they couldn’t handle the turmoil. But those who remained became passionate about Semco and their place within it. At Semco they also believe in continuous growth and development so (cited in Samler, 2004) â€Å"people at Semco, by setting their own timetables and workloads, are more apt to take time out for learning. † He said that there were also sabbaticals, and a system whereby people can diminish and increase their work weeks by arrangement with their teams. They also have Retire-a-little where people can take a day, or half-day, off every week, to do what they would when they retire. Because of such changes, (cited in Semler, 2004) noted that it have raised Semco’s revenue from a $35 million to $160 million in the last six years. In addition, (cited in Shinn, 2004) Semler is deeply involved in promoting a workplace where freedom and flexibility is celebrated that he established a school in Sao Paolo practicing his values. (cited in Samler ,2004) â€Å"the school is in place and has started enrolling two-to-ten year olds. We want to change things at the starting point. At this school, our kids determine the rules and makes decisions ever week at a school meeting. We don’t want to holler and point fingers at kids. They are perfectly able to settle disputes and regulations alone. We do sit in to facilitate, when they want. † Furthermore, â€Å"at the Lumlar Institute, which runs the school, we develop a mosaic technology to teach free children effectively, something that the educational world knows nothing about. Since our kids are obliged to be in school but not in class, it behooves us to interest them – and we do. Children are already staying 1. 84 times longer at our school, out of free will, than at other schools in the system. After defining that there were two system of ‘employee voice’ which are non-union (direct) and union, in addition reviewing the benefits of implementing ‘employee voice’ to both the employees and company, Australia seems to place more importance to non-union voice that than union voice. Result from the studies of researchers proves that, for example, AWIRS (the Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey) shows that only 16% of work places were there employee representatives on boards in 1995. (cited in Morehead et al, 1997; 506-67). Moreover non-union of employee representation was not institutionalized as they are in EU (European Union). With the Decline of Union membership, with 22% of employees now being unionized (and only 17 percent in the private sector), there is a growing ‘representation on gap’ for employees’ with some academic experts arguing that works councils could fill that gap. (Knudsen & Markey, 2002). However, there seems little political will to progress this issue at the moment, with major interest focused on the recent Work Choices Legislation, rather than a broader discussion of work place governance. Thus, it appears that for the most part, participation in Australia will remain a matter for the firm rather that a broader social issue and its extent will be largely governed by management strategy and enthusiasm for the various direct participative approaches. Pyman et al (2006) In practical sense, the effectiveness of employee voice in Australia workplaces is dependent on a plurality of arrangements, that is multiple, mutually reinforcing channels. While achieving this is likely to present challenge for employers, employees and unions, the findings to do highlight the significance of labor- management interaction and thus the value of a union-employer partnership approach predicated on mutual benefits. Such an approach is seriously threatened by the recent changes embodied in the Work Choices Act 2005. This legislation unequivocally privileges direct or non-union representative voice mechanisms, while undermining union voice and multi-channel voice arrangements.

Summary of Human Resource Management

It is very important that human research management to transform from being primarily administrative and operational to strategic partner. The reason is it important is because the human resource department plays a crucial role in determining the culture of an organization. Human resources promote and implement policies and procedures. The key areas are hiring practices, compensation, management relations and employee conduct and behavior. The decisions made by the human resources department will effect an organization in a positive or negative way. The areas that will feel the impact or challenges will be creating awareness, compensation plans, hiring practices and behavior. â€Å"The role of the Human Resource Manager is evolving with the change in competitive market environment and the realization that Human Resource Management must play a more strategic role in the success of an organization. Organizations that do not put their emphasis on attracting and retaining talents may find themselves in dire consequences, as their competitors may be outplaying them in the strategic employment of their human resources†. The human resources department can give the benefit of showing management what the culture is really like. What is revealed may lead to positive changes in the organization culture, it could also lead benefits that the employee’s need. The human resource office can also help management decide if there is a need for change or eliminate programs that are not necessary. The human resource depart is vital when it comes to compensation because it is responsibility for the design or layout programs for the organization. A lot depends on how well the human resource department does their job, such as the positive and negative impact on organizational culture. It is instrument that the HR department creates a plan with an incentive program for employees, which could motivate the employees and increase productivity. If productivity is up, then I believe they are headed in the right direction. The human resource department also determines the hiring and recruiting practices used by the organization, which has a great impact on the organizational culture. The relationships between a successful business and Human Resource Management have to be incorporated into an organizations plans and strategies to be able to maintain longevity of success. The history of the development of human resource management can be traced back to the early 1900s. Human resource manager’s original function was to basically manage the relationship between businesses and labor unions. Galbraith and Nathanson developed a model for the human resource management function that divided the human resource management function into four basic sub functions. The human resource management function was divided into seven parts. Human resource management are viewed as an essential part of an organization, also seen as a necessary to deal with labor unions. Human Resource Management focuses on securing, maintaining, and employing an effective work force, which organizations can strive. Human Resource Management involves a variation of activities, which include recruitment, and screening employees, preparing training needs, analyze human resource forecasts, compensation systems, and an understanding of the laws. The Human Resource Management function has evolved significantly since the early 1900. The Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) was undergoing a renewal period. With renewal and change, it is essential for the human resource management function to adopt a strategic role in order to support and enable CSC ‘s business drivers. CSC is in the people business, and people and positive relationships comprise our most important asset; this is essential for fulfilling our public safety mandate. Every person at CSC has a role to play in helping to achieve the results set out in this Plan. CSC ‘s managers have shared accountability for these results. The Assistant Commissioner Human Resource Management is accountable for setting the foundation and people services that will enable managers to meet their business goals efficiently and effectively. The Deputy Commissioners and Assistant Commissioners, and managers and supervisor within their region or sector, are accountable for the implementation of good human resource management to provide a healthy workplace and ensure a productive and innovative workforce, and enabling learning and development. Employees are responsible for being a partner to create a healthy workplace, productive and innovative workforce, and for their learning and development. Regional support for the Plan will be assumed primarily by the Assistant Deputy Commissioners of Corporate Services. [Full description of figure: CSC's Program Activity Architecture] This Strategic Plan for Human Resource Management covers the period of 2009-2010 to 2011-2012. The Plan integrates CSC's business lines as found in the Program Activity Architecture and as outlined in the CSC Report on Plans and Priorities (RPP). In December 2007, after completing an in-depth review of the federal correctional system, an Independent Review Panel delivered its report, A Roadmap to Strengthening Public Safety. The human resource management priorities are aligned with the Review Panel's observations and recommendations. The CSC Review Panel endorsed CSC ‘s Strategic Plan for Human Resource Management for 2007-2008 to 2010-2011. The Review Panel developed a set of recommendations to respond to issues that came out of discussions with frontline staff and to the underlying issues CSC must address in order to further the strategic priorities outlined in the Plan. The following chart provides a summary of the Panel's recommendations. These recommendations are integrated throughout this plan. Full description of figure: Human Resource Management] In endorsing the previous Strategic Plan for Human Resource Management , the Panel stated that â€Å"CSC ‘s priorities in matters related to human resource management must ensure that practices are robust and effective to allow the organization to deliver on its key operational priorities and other activities in a cost effective manner, and that this is done in a way that is consistent with public service values that are essential to a healthy workplace and to the confidence and trust of Canadians. † 2 This statement is as true today as it was then, and whil e the previous 2007 CSC Strategic Plan for Human Resource Management achieved a number of milestones and brought ownership and accountability to CSC leaders by placing important HR issues on the organization's agenda, there is still much work to be done. This Plan builds on the results of the initiatives put forth in the previous plan and continues to build on those important achievements to further support the organization in meeting its evolving business needs and the Government's overall public safety agenda. Regional and Sector activities in the area of human resource management and services flow from this Strategic Plan. Integrated into the foundation of services provided by human resource professionals in all regions and at national headquarters in support of CSC activities, are plans and measures related to CSC priorities. Of importance in the medium and longer term is forging relationships and engaging our partners to continue to build on the current foundation of human resource management, and investing in our people through several key activities outlined under these three priorities. These priorities and key activities, including Public Service Renewal, will bring about improvements in human resource management in support of CSC's transformation and business objectives. The organization that I would like to discuss is actually the United States Air Force. As the Career Assistance Advisor, I work with the hiring officials and putting the proper individuals with the right job. There is a process that the Human Resource department has to follow and it is imperative that they get it right. Each year the military need individuals in certain positions that meet certain criteria fill jobs. The HR department at Randolph Air Force base has to work closely with organizations or units to fill their manning needs in order to support their mission. There is an analysis of manning done for each career field to determine if a position needs to be filled, once that is determine, HR department matches members with the location and job. Also, each year the Air Force determines that some career fields are over manned and some are short manned. This situation creates a need for hiring for the short manned career field to meet the Air Force retention goals. The HR department works with units to fill special duty, regular and chronic critical jobs. The HR department finds out the needs and requirements for the positions from the units. Then the HR department creates the advertisement and screens the applicants that apply to ensure that they make the right decision based upon the needs and requirements. The HR department must ensure that the applicants meet the requirements, because when they do hire the individual, there is a lot that follows. The first thing to follow in getting the individual trained which might require technical school. The next step is getting the member to the new job location, which both cost the government money to do. The HR department that I deal with on a daily basis does a thorough job of ensuring that the individual is even eligible, before they go any further in the process, so by doing so save the government time, money and resources. The HR department is the key to keeping the Air Force properly manned and ready at all times for the mission. (2013, 02). Discussion Essay Questions. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 02, 2013, from http://www.studymode.com/course-notes/Discussion-Essay-Questions-1428542.html http://www.zeromillion.com/business/hrm.html (function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "https://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })()