comparative proteomics Essay - 944 Words

Comparative Proteomics: Protein Profiler Lab by Jonathan Thulson Biology 113 October 6, 2013 Lab Partner: Vernon Morris INTRODUCTION Proteomics is the study of proteins. Their functions, interactions with other proteins, cellular locations and levels at which they are expressed. The purpose of this lab was to compare the proteins present in different species of fish to be able to determine which species of fish have the closest relation. This can be determined based on which two fish species have the most proteins in common with one another. The Central Dogma of biology is a process in which a gene made of DNA is transcribed by a messenger RNA and then translated into a protein. Based on the Central Dogma of†¦show more content†¦The proteins are also added to a Laemmli sample buffer in order to give each protein a negative charge so it is able to get pulled through the polyacrylamide gel. The next step is to put the gel into the electrophoresis module and to run it. It is run until the proteins have almost reached the bottom of the gel. A blue tracking dye is added to the Laemmli sa mple buffer in order to track the distance in which the proteins travel through the gel. If it is run for too long, the proteins will run off the bottom of the gel and it will mess up your results. Once the protein reach the bottom of the gel, the gel is stained in order to be able to see the individual bands of the different proteins. When the gel is stained, the protein distances will be able to be measured and compared. For a detailed procedure, refer to the Comparative Proteomics Kit I: Protein Profiler Module Lab Manual. RESULTS I did not get conclusive data from the gel I made. As you can see in figure 1, the bands that showed up on the gel were too cluttered to be able to measure them. So I could not compare protein bands between the fish species based on our gel. Instead, I used a default gel picture that another group did in the class to get my data. From their gel I was able to compare the different species. Table 1 shows the number of bands that were similar between the different fish species when they were compared. I was able to determine that fish species C (Tuna)Show MoreRelatedDirect Analytical Sample Quality Assessment (DASQ) for Biomarker Investigation591 Words   |  2 PagesThere are several important factors to increase the chances that a proteomic study based on CSF biomarkers becomes successful. For proteomics analysis, the standardisation of CSF collection protocols is a mandatory step to search and identify new biomarkers indicators of a disease status. This point represents a mil estone especially when samples are collected and stored in different centres. 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In spite of these scientific advancements, however, very little information isRead MoreChlamydomonas Lab Report1426 Words   |  6 Pagesrecognized that cilia play critical roles in animal physiology and development. They need to identify the gene products necessary for ciliary assembly and function by running a proteomic analysis of human cilia. However, the proteomic analysis of human cilia is limited in its ability to detect low-abundance proteins. Comparative genomics was used to identify genes found only in the genomes of organisms with cilia and flagella and was successful. This study was then implemented to find the low-abundanceRead MoreEvaluation And Evaluation Of Protein2753 Words   |  12 Pages Overall proteomics has the large scale determination of quality and cell work particularly at the protein level. Mass spectrometry (MS) has progressively turned into the technique for decision for examination of complex protein tests. 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Cricket World Cup Free Essays

string(46) " the first World Cup held outside of England\." Abstract Cricket World Cup is the biggest international event of cricket. The first Cricket World Cup was played during 1975 in England (www. wikipedia. We will write a custom essay sample on Cricket World Cup or any similar topic only for you Order Now org). The first three matches were also recognized as Prudential Cup with the sponsorship of prudential plc, it is a pecuniary services company. Till the1992 Cricket World Cup, only 8 teams used to participate in the tournament. Later on, the number of teams increased and in Cricket World Cup2007, 16 teams had participated. But in 2011 Cricket World Cup 14 teams are participating. Introduction Cricket is a sport that has been played around the world for more than eight centuries. It is one of the most well-loved and feverishly watched sports in the  world. It involves two teams with 11 players on each side. The captain who wins the toss decides whether his team bats or bowls first. If they bat first, their aim is to score a lot of runs and make sure the other team does not reach that score. Cricket is played in many formats, but the most popular are Test cricket And One Day cricket. In Test cricket game goes on for 5 days, with each team batting twice – if time permits. One Day is the most popular format, with each team getting 300 balls to score runs. And the other team tries to outscore them within the same number of balls. One-day cricket originally began between English County teams in the 1960’s. The first one-day international was played in Melbourne, Australia, in 1971, with the quadrennial  Cricket World Cup  began in 1975. The Cricket World Cup is organized by the sport’s governing body, the International Cricket Council (ICC). The tournament is the world’s fourth-largest and fourth-most-viewed sporting event. History The first attempt at any kind of world championship was in 1912, when a three-way series was arranged between the then current Test playing nations, Australia, England and South Africa. No similar events were held again until 1975. The first ICC World Cup (officially called the Prudential Cup) was in1975, hosted by England (see full list of host countries). This tournament included the six Test-playing nations (England, Australia, New Zealand, West Indies, India and Pakistan), who were joined by Sri Lanka and East Africa. Following the success of this tournament, it was repeated in 1979 and 1983 in England. After this, the tournament moved to be played in other countries, maintaining a four-year cycle. 60 overs were used for the first three world cups. This was reduced to 50 in 1987 and has been that way since. Women also participate in another Cricket World cup since 1975. Cricket World Cup Hosting Nations England, 1975 This was the first ever Cricket World Cup, officially called the Prudential Cup, and was held from June 7 to June 21, 1975 in England. The tournament was held in England as it was considered the only nation at the time that had the resources to stage an event of such magnitude. The matches played consisted of 60 overs per team. Unlike today, all players wore a traditional white uniform and red balls were used. There were also no night games. There were 8 participating countries: o Australia o England o India o New Zealand o Pakistan o West Indies o Sri lanka o East Africa (composed of players from Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia) The preliminary matches were played in 2 groups of 4 teams. The top two teams from each group played the semifinals, and the winners of these played the final. The final was played at the Lords ground, between West Indies and Australia, with the favorites the West Indies winning by 17 runs. The West Indies scored 291 runs in 60 overs at a loss of 8 wickets. In reply Australia made 274 runs in 58. 4 overs all out. England, 197 England, 1979 †¢ This was the second Cricket World CUP (called the Prudential Cup), held in England between June 9 to June 23, 1979. †¢ The format of games was the same as in the 1975 World Cup (preliminary matches were played in 2 groups of 4 teams, with the top two teams in each group playing the semifinals, and the winners of these playing the final). The final was played at the Lord’s cricket ground in London between the West Indies and England. The West Indies won by 92 runs. They batted first and made 286 runs in 60 overs at a loss of 9 wickets. In reply, England made 194 runs before being all out after 51 overs. New Zealand and Pakistan were the other semifinalists. †¢ There were 8 particip ating countries: o Australia o England o India o New Zealand o Pakistan o West Indies o Sri lanka o Canada †¢ This tournament saw the introduction of the ICC Trophy, a competition used to determine which non-Test playing teams qualified for the World Cup. England, 1983 †¢ This was the third Cricket World Cup (Called the Prudential Cup). The tournament was held in England for the third consecutive time, between 9 and 25 June 1983. †¢ The preliminary matches were played in 2 groups of 4 each as in the previous two tournaments, though this time each country played the other teams in its group twice. The top two teams in each group qualified for the semifinals, and the winners of this played the final †¢ The final was played between India and the West Indies at the Lords ground in England. India scored 183 runs in 54. 4 overs all out. In reply, the West Indies made 140 runs in 52 overs all out, with India winning by 43 runs. †¢ There were 8 participating countries: o Australia o England o India o New Zealand o Pakistan o West Indies o Sri lanka o Zimbabwe (http://www. sportscanon. com/2011/01/25/1983-cricket-world-cup-summary/) India Pakistan, 1987 †¢ This was the fourth World Cup event (called the Reliance Cup) †¢ It was held jointly in India and Pakistan, held from October 9 to November 8, 1987 †¢ It was the first World Cup held outside of England. You read "Cricket World Cup" in category "Papers" †¢ The format was unchanged from previous World Cups, except for a eduction in the number of overs a team played from 60 to 50. †¢ The final was played between Australia and England at the Eden Gardens stadium in Calcutta India. Australia made 253 in their 50 overs with a loss of 5 wickets. In reply, England came up just short, making 246 in their 50 overs for a loss of 8 wickets. Austral ia winning by 7 runs. †¢ Australian David Boon was man of the final match, and the winning captain was Allan Border †¢ There were 8 participating countries: o Australia o England o India o New Zealand o Pakistan o West Indies o Sri lanka o Zimbabwe Australia and New Zealand, 1992 †¢ This was the fifth World Cup event and the first tournament held in the Southern hemisphere. It was also the first tournament to feature an African Test nation, South Africa. †¢ This was the first time day/night matches were used and the first tournament to use white cricket balls and colored team uniforms. †¢ The leading run scorer of the tournament was Martin Crowe of New Zealand with 456 runs. †¢ The leading wicket taker of the tournament was Wasim Akram of Pakistan with 16 wickets †¢ The format for this tournament changed from previous years. All teams were in one group and played each other once, rather than in two groups. The top four qualified for the knockout stage which was contested in similar fashion to the previous events. †¢ The final was played between Pakistan and England in Melbourne, Australia. Pakistan made 249 runs in 50 overs for 6 Wickets, compared to England’s total of 227 runs in 49. 2 all out. Pakistan won by 22 Runs. India, Pakistan Sri Lanka, 1996 †¢ At the World Cup in 1996, Australia and West Indies refused to play their matches against Sri Lanka in Sri Lanka due to security concerns, causing both matches to be awarded to Sri Lanka by default. Also, Sri Lanka was awarded a victory for their semi-final by default against India because of crowd riots. This aided their campaign which eventually led to them winning the final. †¢ The final was played between Sri Lanka and Australia in Lahore, Pakistan. Australia made 241 runs in 50 overs for a loss of 7 wickets. In reply, Sri Lanka made 245 runs in 46. 2 overs losing only 3 wickets on the way. The final result: Sri Lanka by 7 wickets. Eden Garden Stadium (Kolkata) (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/1996_Cricket_World_Cup) England, 1999 †¢ The 1999 event returned to England after sixteen years. Some matches also held in Ireland, Scotland and the Netherlands. †¢ This tournament has a similar group stage format as 1996, though there was a dramatic change in the second stage, where a â€Å"Super Six† round replaced the quarter-finals. †¢ One of the greatest matches in the ICC World Cup history was the Australia and South Africa tied game in their semi-final. †¢ The final was played between Australia and Pakistan at Lords, London. Australia made 133 runs in 20. 1 overs for 2 wickets; in reply Pakistan made 132 All out in 39 Overs. Australia won by 8 Wickets. (http://breakingnewsonline. et/cricket/6923-1999-cricket-world-cup-at-glance. html) South Africa, Zimbabwe Kenya, 2003 †¢ The 2003 World Cup was held between 9 February and 24 March 2003, in Southern Africa (co-hosted by South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya). †¢ The number of teams participating in the event increased from twelve to fourteen. †¢ Because of security concerns, Zimbabwe and Kenya won their matches against England and New Zealand by default. †¢ The Final was played between Australia and India on 23 March in Johannesburg, South Africa. †¢ Australia batted first and made 359 runs in 50 overs losing only 2 wickets. In reply India made 234 after being all out in 39. 2 overs. Australia was crowned champions after beating India by 125 runs. Wanderers Stadium (South Africa) (http://breakingnewsonline. net/cricket/6966-2003-cricket-world-cup-at-glance. html) West Indies, 2007 †¢ The 2007 ICC World Cup of Cricket was held in April 2007. It was the 9th World Cup tournament, and the first time it had been held in the West Indies. †¢ The tournament consisted of 16 teams, including all 10 Test playing nations and 6 qualifiers. The 10 Test match playing countries plus Kenya qualified automatically. The other five teams qualified via the 2005 ICC Trophy. The field of sixteen teams is the largest ever for the Cricket World Cup. †¢ The 16 teams were allocated into four groups of four. Within each group, the teams played each other in a round-robin format and the top two teams advanced to a ‘Super 8’ round. These eight teams then played in a round-robin format, except that they did not play the other team that advanced from their respective group. The top four teams from the Super 8 round advanced to the semi-finals, and the winners of the semi-finals then ompeted in the final, held at Kensington Oval in Bridgetown, on 28 April. †¢ The first hat-trick plus one (4 wickets in 4 balls) in World Cup history was by Sri Lankan Lasith Malinga against South Africa (Super Eights: South Africa v Sri Lanka at Providence, March 28, 2007) Bangladesh, India Sri Lank a, 2011 †¢ The 2011 Cricket World Cup was held in Bangladesh, India Sri Lanka. It was World Cup tourn ament, and the first time it had been held in the Bangladesh. †¢ Pakistan was originally going to co-host this event but due to security concerns in the years leading up to the event Pakistan’s hosting rights were revoked. The format of the tournament has been revised from previous events, and 14 teams will participate instead of 16. †¢ The new format ensures that each team gets to play a minimum of six matches even if they are ruled out of the tournament due to early defeats. [pic] Sher-e-Bangla Cricket Stadium. Mirpur, Dhaka (Outside Part) (http://dhakadailyphoto. blogspot. com/2011/02/dhaka-set-for-world-cup-cricket-2011. html) Cricket World Cup Firsts 1. The first world cup was held in 1975 in England. 2. The first world cup held outside England was in 1987 in India and Pakistan 3. The first time day/night matches was used was in 1992. . The first tournament to use white cricket balls and colored team uniforms was 1992. 5. The first tournament to feature an Afri can Test nation, South Africa, was in 1992. 6. The first team to remain undefeated throughout the whole tournament was Australia in 2003. They repeated this feat in the 2007 tournament. 7. The first hat-trick at the World Cup was by Indian Chetan Sharma in a game against New Zealand in 1987 www. images. google. com Chetan Sharma Trophy †¢ The current Trophy awarded to the winners of the ICC Cricket World Cup was created for the 1999 championships. It is the first permanent prize in the tournament’s history. †¢ The trophy was developed by a team of craftsmen from Garrard, the Crown Jewelers. It was designed and produced in London within two months. Cricket World Cup Trophy †¢ The trophy is 60 cm high, made from silver and gild and features a golden globe held up by three silver columns. The columns, shaped as stumps and bails, represent the three fundamental aspects of cricket: batting, bowling and fielding, while the globe represents the world and a cricket ball. The trophy is designed so that it can be instantly recognized from any angle. The trophy weighs approximately 11 kilograms and has the names of the previous winners inscribed on its base. There is still room for a further ten teams to have their name inscribed on the base. †¢ The actual trophy is always kept by the International Cricket Council. A replica is presented to the winning team, which is identical in all aspects apart from the inscripti on of the previous champions. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cricket_World_Cup_Trophy) Cricket World Cup awards Since 1992, one player has been declared as â€Å"Man of the Tournament† at the end of the World Cup finals: Year |Player |Performance details | |1992 |Martin Crowe |456 runs | |1996 |Sanath Jayasuria |221 runs and 7 wickets | |1999 |Lance Kluserner |281 runs and 17 wickets | |2003 |Sachin Tendulker |673 runs and 2 wickets | |2007 |Glen McGrath |26 wickets | |2011 |Yuvraj Singh |362 runs and 15 wickets | (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cricket_World_Cup_awards) Conclusion Cricket World Cup is the most premier international championship of men’s One Day International Cricket. It has huge fan following in the world, especially in South Asia. In South Asia cricket is like religion . When ever world cup comes to the people of this region gone mad. Successive World Cup tournaments have generated increasing media attention as One-Day International cricket has become more established. References http://www. wikipedia. org http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/1975_Cricket_World_Cup http://cricketfreaks. contentcreatorz. com/cricket-world-cup-1979-cricket-histor y/ http://www. sportscanon. com/2011/01/25/1983-cricket-world-cup-summary/ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/1987_Cricket_World_Cup http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/1992_Cricket_World_Cup http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/1996_Cricket_World_Cup http://breakingnewsonline. net/cricket/6923-1999-cricket-world-cup-at-glance. html http://breakingnewsonline. net/cricket/6966-2003-cricket-world-cup-at-glance. html ht tp://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/2007_Cricket_World_Cup http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cricket_World_Cup_Trophy http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cricket_World_Cup_awards ———————– Lords Cricket Ground [pic] [pic] (http://cricketfreaks. contentcreatorz. com/cricket-world-cup-1979-cricket-history/) (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/1975_Cricket_World_Cup) (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/1987_Cricket_World_Cup) How to cite Cricket World Cup, Papers

Decision Making Personal Integrity and Social Responsibility

Question: Discuss about the Decision Making for Personal Integrity and Social Responsibility. Answer: Introduction Case and King (2014) stated that spam email is a subset of the electronic spam where a single message is sent by email. The email includes malware as executable file attachments. The spam email is grown since the early 1990s. The spammers collect the email addresses from the websites, newsgroups as well as viruses that get the email addresses of the users and then sold it to other spammers. Chell et al., (2016) argued that email continues to be far most important service for the users of the internet. The report is based on privacy issue that is one of the main causes of receiving spam emails from the spammers. The report also reflects of the ethical analysis of the identified issue using four of the ethical theories and one of the theories of ACS code of ethics. It helps to identify if spam mail is right or wrong. Background of issue of spam email Reidenbach and Robin (2013) opined that spam is a result of lack of ethics as well as integrity in regards to promotional activities on the internet. The ethical dilemma faced by the organization is an invasion of privacy. In this report, spam is taken as a privacy issue. The customers of any organization should consider as unethical if it harms the professional credibility of them. It is a non-permissive approach if the spammers disclose the profile information or any sensitive information of the customers to others that could exploit the individuals life (Weiss, 2014). The advent of the email within the business world creates a new ground to moral dilemmas involving the information access as well as privacy. Ethical Analysis of spam email Utilitarianism Warren and Lucas (2016) stated that utilitarianism is a theory of ethics states that the right action is the one, which produces the greatest amount of happiness as well as pleasure for a large number of population. The rule of utilitarianism adopts moral rules, and if everyone follows it, then it leads to a greatest rise in total happiness. If the organization follows the rule of utilitarianism, then it diminishes the usefulness of the email system. A spammer chooses to send advertisements to many email addresses so that it would prefer to buy their products. When one advertisement is sent to other email addresses, then there is a chance of clogged with spam (Hartman, DesJardins MacDonald, 2014). Spammers do not respect others time as well as money; they are only focused on their profit. The recipients are not interested in their messages, and there is wastage of time deleting unwanted emails. As per the act of utilitarianism, the people those are involved in spamming are the spammers. The recipients those are receiving those spam either happy if they want the product and irritated if they unwanted messages that clog their email (DesJardins McCall, 2014). Some people are happy with this act of thinking that it would give help in saving money with cheap products. However, on another hand, some people are not happy with the spam email, and it is not making happy to everyone. Therefore, spamming is identified as wrong. According to the rule of utilitarianism, spam benefits the spammers if they buy their product and the product prove to be beneficial for them (Hursthouse, 2013). The disadvantage is for those people who are not interested in the message. It causes announce due to wastage of both time as well as money, and the email is being clogged by unwanted messages. Deontology Ethics Schrittwieser, Mulazzani and Weippl (2013) stated that the deontology theory is that the individuals are morally obligated in order to act by some principles as well as rules regardless of the outcomes. According to this theory, the principles derive from divine commandment such that it is under the religious laws, that the individuals are morally obligated not to tell a lie, steal as well as a cheat. The messages those are sent to the individuals should not hurt other feelings as well as emotions. Broad (2014) argued that this theory teaches that if the spammers treat others as an end, and they only think of their profit, then the spammers treat the recipients as a means to an end and therefore the spamming is identified as wrong. Melewar, Gambetti and Martin (2014) opined that this theory is mainly duty based. Morality must be grounded in this concept of duty. Morality does not do with the promotion of happiness as well as achievement of desirable consequences. Unless, the spammers treat fairly since the same rules would be applied to all the persons. The spammers should also treat the recipients in same equality level such as they should only think of their profit but also think that due to receiving of spam messages, the recipients are not irritated. When the spammer should send messages to the individuals, then it should ensure that they are happy with it (Meijdam, 2015). Spammers should also respect the time as well as money of the recipients and give them proper profit. Social Contract Theory Warren and Lucas (2016) stated that the social contract theory gives a right to free speech for everyone. Therefore, anyone can send an email to anyone. There is no such requirement that people should listen to them about what they say. However, when this right of free speech is given to people, it has being observed that on rights of others as well. If some of the people are unhappy with the spam message, then it should able to send an angry reply to the message to the spammers. The problem is that the spammers forge headers such that they do not get angry replies from the recipients (Shafer-Landau, 2012). It violates the equality, and therefore the spam mail as well as this spamming is identified as wrong. Therefore, the factor that creates a problem is equality of human power. If all people are happy with the spam messages, and they think that, it will give benefit to them, then there is a high level of equality among the human beings. Then, it will prove that spamming is not wrong. However, the main fact is that 99,990,000 are people are unhappy with the spam mail (Weber, 2014). Then, they should send an angry reply to the spammers, and it would result in a high cost to the spammers. Melewar, Gambetti and Martin (2014) argued that the social contract theory is defined as an individuals at the society consenting to set of moral rules which govern how the people are to be treated one another for mutual benefit. The antis-spam organization is refusing to accept the mail did something wrong. Even though, the spam emails dropped down to approximately 25 percent (Leicester, 2016). It is not right to put in there; it is called blacklist. Only the anti-spam organizations are benefited due to this. Character based Theory Reidenbach and Robin (2013) stated that the character based theory is a term which refers to normative ethical theories that would emphasize the virtues of the mind as well as character. It is also known as virtue ethics. If the organization should follow as well as understand the virtue ethics, then it helps frame different approaches in order to communicate in the workplace, which leads to a better outcome for the employees as well as customers. Warren and Lucas (2016) opined that this ethical theory develops strong positive character traits which will tend to do the right thing. This theory focuses on criteria to do with the development of the character of the spammers as well as the acquisition of good character traits from the habits they develop. In order to become a character based ethical person, one is being required to develop their strength as well as excellence (DesJardins McCall, 2014). To become a moral person, one requires getting right virtues. It is required to give proper training of good habits as well as character traits; one should require achieving moral virtues such as courage. In a case of spam email, sometimes the spammers sent spam email to the customers to get any information from them. As taken an example, InterMovies is a site, which streams movies for a monthly fee. It is used to collect information about movie choices from the customers. It also constructs profiles of the customers (Vanberg, 2016). Some of the customers are happy in order to receive mail order from the spammers while others are happy due to increasing in spam mail. Therefore, here again, all the customers are not happy with the spam mail, therefore the process of sending spam mail to the customers as well as individuals are again wrong. ACS code of ethics Warren and Lucas (2016) stated that the professional person should advance the honor as well as the effectiveness of the profession of information processing. They should also keep high standards of competence as well as ethical conduct. In this report, honesty is taken as an element of ACS code of ethics. The spammers should be honest about their skills, services as well as products. Spam email is most of the biggest privacy threat as the spam where the unwanted emails are sent daily without aware the users. In some of the regions, the spammers are difficult to track since it clusters the mailbox as well as contains malicious content (Reidenbach Robin, 2013). When email is sent to the individuals, then the spammers should be honest in the following areas such as: The spammers should not mislead the customers to the suitability of their products as well as services (Case King, 2014). The spammers should not misrepresent their skills as well as knowledge while delivering spam emails to the persons. They must qualify opinions of professional, which are based on limited knowledge as well as experience (DesJardins McCall, 2014). They must give credit for the work that is done by others. The Spammers should know about the law about sending emails such as Spam Act. If the spammers are promoting as well as advertising some product or services through the electronic communication such as through the use of spam mail, then they should ensure that it must not against the Spam Act (Vanberg, 2016). The law should focus on honesty such as tell the recipients about where the email is coming from. There should be a label of "From", "To" as well as "Reply To", so that the recipients should know the sender. Therefore, the spam mail should contain the person's name as well as a name of the business sending the email to the recipients. Conclusion It is concluded that the spam mail is the emails that are unsolicited as well as it is sent to the users. The spammers collect the address of the emails of the users through the websites or sometimes hack it from the website where the users have shared it. They get the email addresses of the users and then sold it to other spammers. The spam emails are accepted as unethical when it harms the professional credibility of the users. When lost of emails are sent to the users, then it would clog their emails, and it results in dissatisfaction of the customers. From the ethical analysis of the spam email, it is identified that all the ethical theories are identified spam mail as wrong. When all the users are happy with the mail, and they are a desire to buy the products and services, then it results into equality of the human. Honesty code of ethics is required to form some trust among the users so that they are ensuring that the spam emails cannot harm their personal information as well a s their reputations. References Broad, C. D. (2014).Five types of ethical theory(Vol. 2). Routledge. Case, C. J., King, D. L. (2014). System Security: A Trend Analysis of Student Electronic Resources Use Policy Perceptions and Risky Behavior.ASBBS E-Journal,10(1), 31. Chell, E., Spence, L. J., Perrini, F., Harris, J. D. (2016). Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: does social equal ethical?.Journal of Business Ethics,133(4), 619-625. DesJardins, J. R., McCall, J. J. (2014).Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning. Hartman, L. P., DesJardins, J. R., MacDonald, C. (2014).Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. McGraw-Hill. Hursthouse, R. (2013). Normative virtue ethics.ETHICA,645. Leicester, N. (2016). Ethics in the IT Profession: Does a Code of Ethics have an Effect on Professional Behaviour?. Meijdam, K. C. (2015).Phishing as a Service: Designing an ethical way of mimicking targeted phishing attacks to train employees(Doctoral dissertation, TU Delft, Delft University of Technology). Melewar, T. C., Gambetti, R. C., Martin, K. D. (2014). Special Issue on: Managing Intangible Ethical Assets: Enhancing Corporate Identity, Corporate Brand, and Corporate Reputation to Fulfill the Social Contract.Business Ethics Quarterly,24(02), 310-312. Reidenbach, R. E., Robin, D. P. (2013). Toward the development of a multidimensional scale for improving evaluations of business ethics. InCitation Classics from the Journal of Business Ethics(pp. 45-67). Springer Netherlands. 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